Kungani amabhethri ezimoto zikagesi engasebenzi

Imoto yakwa-Electricushikukazi (EVS) kuqhamuke njengenye indlela ethandwayo nenemvelo yemvelo yezimoto zendabuko zikaphethiloli. Amandla abo okunciphisa ukuphuma nokuncika kumafutha fossil athathe ukunakwa kwabathengi nabakhiqizi ngokufanayo. Nokho, Ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwabathengi abangahle kube ukuqina kanye nokuphila kwamabhethri e-EV, okuvame ukuba mfushane kunalokho kwezimoto zangaphakathi zokuhlanza. Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani imoto yakwa-Electric Amabhethri awekho njengoba kuhlala isikhathi eside kubalulekile kubathengi ngokubheka i-EV.

1. Uhlobo lwamabhethri e-lithium-ion

Iningi le imoto yakwa-Electrics ubuze ubuchwepheshe bebhethri le-lithium-ion, okuyinto itshe lesitoreji samandla sanamuhla. Ngenkathi la mabhethri anikela ngobuningi bamandla aphezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle, Bafika ngokulinganiselwa kwempilo okungokwemvelo. Ukuwohloka kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion kungumphumela wokuphendula kwamakhemikhali okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokushaja nokukhipha imijikelezo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, Lokhu kusabela kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwamandla okuhamba kancane kancane kancane. Le nqubo yokuhlanza ayinakugwenywa kuphela kepha futhi iyahlukahluka ngokusekelwe ezintweni eziningi zangaphandle.

2. Izici ezithonya impilo yebhethri

Izici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zithonya kakhulu isikhathi sokuphila kwe imoto yakwa-Electric amabhabhestu:

A. Ukuhluka kokushisa

Ukushisa kudlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwebhethri nokuphila isikhathi eside. Kokubili amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu futhi aphansi angathinta kabi amakhemikhali ebhethri:

• Amazinga okushisa aphezulu: Lapho kuvezwa ekushiseni okuphezulu, Amabhethri we-Lithium-ion angathola ukucekelwa phansi okusheshisiwe, kuholele ekunciphiseni amandla nokusebenza. Ukushisa kukhulisa izinga lokuphendula kwamakhemikhali ngaphakathi kwebhethri, okuholela ekubalekeni okungekho emthethweni - ukukhathazeka okukhulu kokuphepha.
• Amazinga okushisa aphansi: Ukushisa okubandayo kungaphazamisa ukusebenza kwebhethri, ukunciphisa amandla ayo okuletha amandla. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ukusabela kwe-electrochemical ngaphakathi kwebhethri kuncipha, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle nasekude.

Ukugcina izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo kubalulekile ekwandiseni impilo yebhethri.

B. Ukushaja kanye namazinga okuphuma

Izinga lapho ibhethri le-EV likhokhiswa khona futhi likhishwe lingaba nemiphumela ebalulekile yempilo yayo yokuphila:

• Ukushaja okusheshayo: Izindlela zokushaja okusheshayo, Ngenkathi elula, kungaholela ekukhulisweni kwengcindezi eshisayo kanye namazinga okushisa aphakeme ngaphakathi kwebhethri. Ukuthembela okuvalekile ekushaja okusheshayo kungasiza ekunciphiseni okusheshayo ezweni lebhethri.
• Amanani wokukhipha: Ngokufanayo, Ukukhishwa okusheshayo ngesikhathi sokusheshisa okusindayo noma izimfuno ezinamandla amakhulu kungaholela ekucindezelekeni ebhethri, okuholela ekugqokeni okusheshisiwe nokudabuka.

Kungcono ukuthi abasebenzisi basebenzise isivinini sokushaja ngokulinganayo futhi bagweme izimfuno zamandla ngokweqile noma nini lapho kungenzeka.

C. Ukujula kokukhululwa

Ukujula kokukhululwa (Doyalo) kubhekiswa ekutheni kungakanani umthamo webhethri osetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuphinda. Ukujula okukhulu kokukhululwa kungathinta kabi isikhathi eside se-batter:

• Ukukhishwa Okugcwele: Imvamisa ukuvumela ibhethri ukuba likhiphe ngokuphelele kungadala ukucindezela kumaseli ebhethri, ukunciphisa isikhathi sabo sokuphila.
• Ukukhipha okuyingxenye: Ukugcina Ukukhokhiswa Kwebhethri Ngaphakathi Kwebanga elinganiselayo (njengaphakathi 20% na- 80% okukhiqiza) kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukucindezelwa futhi kwandise impilo esebenzayo yebhethri.

Abasebenzisi kufanele bahlose ukugcina amabhethri abo akhokhiswe ngokwanele ngaphandle kokuzikhalisa ngokugcwele ukuze anikeze isikhathi sokuphila.

D. Ikhwalithi yebhethri nokuklanywa

Idizayini nekhwalithi yamabhethri e-EV ayahluka kakhulu phakathi kwabakhiqizi namamodeli ahlukene:

• Ukuhlukahluka komkhiqizo: Imikhiqizo ehlukene inamazinga okukhiqiza ahlukahlukene nezilawuli zekhwalithi, okungaholela ekwehlukaneni kokuqina kwebhethri nokusebenza. Amabhethri asezingeni eliphakeme avame ukuveza izinhlelo ezingcono zokuphathwa kwe-thermal kanye nama-marristries athuthukile athuthukisa impilo yesikhathi sokuphila.
• Izici Ezingenzeka: Eminye imiklamo yebhethri ingahle ibe nezimpawu zokukhiqiza noma ubuthakathaka obubangela ukuthi baphile isikhathi esifushane sokuphila. Kubalulekile ukuthi abathengi bacwaninge futhi bakhethe imikhiqizo ehlonishwayo enikeza amawaranti kanye nokuxhaswa ngemuva kokuthengisa.

3. Ukulinganiselwa Kwengqalasizinda Yokushaja

Isimo samanje sengqalasizinda yokushaja singathinta impilo yebhethri:

• Ukutholakala okunganele: Ezifundeni eziningi, Ukutholakala kweziteshi zokushaja asanele, ukuphoqa abasebenzisi be-EV ukuncika kumashaja asheshayo njalo kunalokho abangathanda. Ukufinyelela okulinganiselwe kwezinga 2 amashaja (okunikezwa kancane kancane, ukushaja) kungaholela ekusetshenzisweni okwengeziwe kokushaja okusheshayo, ekugcineni ukulimaza isikhathi eside sebhethri.
• Ijubane lokushaja: Ukushaja okusheshayo kungaqeda isikhathi eside sebhethri. Ingqalasizinda enganele ingadinga ukushaja okusheshayo, Ukwanda kwengcindezi eshisayo futhi usheshise ukonakaliswa.

Abathengi bayakhuthazwa ukuthi bahlele amasu abo okushaja futhi basebenzise ingqalasizinda yokushaja ngobuhlakani ukunweba impilo yebhethri.

4. Ukunweba isikhathi sokuphila kwamabhethri ezimoto zikagesi

Ngenkathi izici zifaka isandla ekudleni okulinganiselwe kwamabhethri we-EV kubalulekile, Abasebenzisi bangathatha izindlela ezisebenzayo zokunweba isikhathi sabo sokuphila. Nazi izinyathelo ezingokoqobo:

A. Khokhisa ngokuhlakanipha

• Isivinini esilinganiselwe sokushaja: Khetha isivinini sokushaja esijwayelekile noma nini lapho kungenzeka kunokuba uncike kumashaja asheshayo. Ngenkathi ukushaja okusheshayo kulula, kungaholela ekunciphiseni kwebhethri okusheshayo.
• Nciphisa imijikelezo yokushaja: Yehlisa imvamisa yezikhathi zokushaja. Zama ukukhokhisa kuphela lapho kunesidingo futhi unqamula ngokushesha uma ibhethri lifinyelela ezingeni lokushaja oyifunayo ukuvikela ngaphezulu.

B. Ukuphathwa kokushisa

• Indawo yokupaka: Gwema ukushiya imoto emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ezikhathi ezinde kakhulu. Noma nini lapho kungenzeka, Ipaki ezindaweni ezinombala noma ezilawulwa zokushisa ukuze zinciphise ukuvezwa kokushisa.
• Ukulawulwa kwesimo sezulu: Sebenzisa izici zokulawula isimo sezulu semoto ukuze ulondoloze izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokushaja.

C. Ukulawula Ukujula Kokulawula

• Gwema amacala agcwele: Inhloso ukukhokhisa ibhethri cishe 80% womthamo wayo kunokuba ukhokhise ngokuphelele. Lo mkhuba ungasiza ukwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwebhethri.
• Nciphisa ukukhishwa okujulile: Gwema ukunwebeka ngokuphelele ibhethri. Ukugcina ibhethri ekhokhwa ngenhla 20% Isiza ukunciphisa ukucindezela kumaseli.

D. Khetha amabhethri asezingeni eliphakeme

• Ucwaningo Brands: Lapho uthenga i imoto yakwa-Electric, Ibeka phambili abakhiqizi abadumile abaziwa ngokukhiqiza amabhethri asezingeni eliphakeme. Phenya amawaranti nezinsizakalo zokusekela abazinikezayo.
• Hlala unolwazi: Gcina ujwayelene kwentuthuko kubuchwepheshe bebhethri futhi ubheke ukuthuthukela ezimotweni ezinentsha, ubuchwepheshe bebhethri obude obukhulu lapho kungenzeka.

E. Hlela Ukushaja

• Sebenzisa Ingqalasizinda Ngokuhlakanipha: Ezindaweni ezinezindawo ezikhawulelwe zokushaja, Hlela izikhathi zokushaja ukugwema amahora aphezulu. Leliqhinga lingasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukufinyelela eziteshini zokushaja ngenkathi kunciphisa ukuthembela ekushaja ngokushesha.

5. Ukulindela isikhathi isikhathi sokuphila kwamabhethri ezimoto zikagesi

Isikhathi sokuphila kwe imoto yakwa-Electric Amabhethri ngokuvamile alinganiswa ngemijikelezo noma emiqhudelwaneni. Ngokwesilinganiso, Amabhethri e-EV anikela ngesibalo somjikelezo asuka ku 1,000 kwa- 2,000 imijikelezo, ukuhumusha okulindelwe kwemayela cishe 100,000 kwa- 200,000 amakhilomitha. Lezi zibalo, nokho, yizilinganiso ezijwayelekile. Impilo yangempela ithonywa yizinto ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi amaphethini wokusebenzisa, Izimo zezemvelo, kanye nekhwalithi yebhethri uqobo.

6. Izindleko zokufaka esikhundleni samabhethri ezimoto kagesi

Enye yezinto ezikhathazayo ezibalulekile ezihambisana imoto yakwa-Electric Ubunikazi yizindleko zokubuyiselwa kwebhethri:

• Izindleko eziphezulu zokufaka esikhundleni: Iphakethe lebhethri livame ukuba ngenye yezinto ezibiza kakhulu ze-EV, kwakha ingxenye enkulu yezindleko zemoto jikelele. Kuya ngomkhiqizo wemoto nemodeli, Izindleko zokubuyiselwa emuva zingasukela kumashumi ezinkulungwane eziya kumakhulu ambalwa yuan yuan.
• Izitayela Zemakethe: Ngenhlanhla, nga- imoto yakwa-Electric Ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buqhubekisa phambili futhi ukuncintisana emakethe kuyanda, Amanani ebhethri ayancipha kancane kancane. Lo mkhuba uphakamisa ukuthi izindleko zokubuyiselwa kwemali zingalawuleka ngokwengeziwe kubathengi ngokuzayo.

7. Ukugcina

Ngokufigqiwe, ukuqina okulinganiselwe kwe imoto yakwa-Electric Amabhethri angabangelwa izingqinamba zemvelo zobuchwepheshe be-lithium-ion, Ukushisa Ukushintshashintsha, ukushaja kanye nokukhipha amandla, Ikhwalithi kanye ne-design yamabhethri, futhi nengqalasizinda engenele ishaja. Nokho, Abathengi bangathatha izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokunweba isikhathi sokuphila kwamabhethri abo e-EV ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezihlakaniphile zokushaja, Ukuphathwa kokushisa, nokukhethwa ngokucophelela kwamabhethri asezingeni eliphakeme.

Isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuphila kwamabhethri e-EV aqala phakathi 1,000 na- 2,000 Imijikelezo noma 100,000 kwa- 200,000 amakhilomitha, Futhi ngenkathi izindleko zokubuyiselwa kwemali ziphakeme njengamanje, Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nomncintiswano wemakethe kungenzeka kunciphise lezi zindleko ngokuzayo. Ukuqonda lezi zinto kunika amandla abathengi ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana imoto yakwa-Electric ubunikazi nokulungiswa kwebhethri, Ekugcineni kwaba neqhaza esikhathini esizayo sokuhamba esimeme.