Kungani iChina ithuthukisa izimoto zikagesi?

Njengoba umhlaba uxabana ngokucindezela izindaba zezemvelo, I-China ibhekene nezinselelo zayo eziqinile zezemvelo ngenxa yesimo sayo njengenye yezimakethe zezimoto ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga, Uhulumeni waseChina uphendukele ekuthuthukisweni kwe imoto yakwa-Electricushikukazi (EVS), Umzamo owuhlose hhayi ekungcolisweni kokuphonsa kuphela kodwa nokukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho kanye nokuphepha kwamandla. Lo mbhalo uhlola izizathu ezibalulekile ngemuva kwe-push yaseChina imoto yakwa-Electricushikukazi, Ukuhlola ubuhle babo bezemvelo, amandla okulwa kwamandla, Imithelela yezomnotho, Izinqubomgomo zikahulumeni, kanye nezinselelo ezizayo.

1. Izinzuzo zemvelo zezimoto zikagesi ngaphezu kwezimoto zendabuko zamafutha

Imoto yakwa-ElectricSinikeza uhla lwezinzuzo zezemvelo ngezimoto ezijwayelekile zikaphethiloli, Ukubenza itshe legumbi eliluhlaza okotshani oluhlaza.

1.1 Ukuncishiswa kokuphuma

U-EVS unikwa amandla ngogesi kunokuba uphethiloli noma udizili, Ukuqeda Ukukhishwa Okungaqedi Okuqondile. Emadolobheni lapho amazinga okungcola abucayi khona, njengeBeijing naseShanghai, ukuncishiswa kokuphuculwa kwe-tailpipe kudlala indima enkulu ekwenzeni ngcono ikhwalithi yomoya. Ngenkathi ukukhiqizwa kwe-EVS kanye nesizukulwane sikagesi (kuya ngomthombo wayo) ingakhiqiza ukukhishwa okuthile, I-EVS ngokuvamile isanikela ngesisekelo sekhabhoni esiphansi kakhulu.

1.2 Ukusetshenziswa Kwezimali Okuthuthukisiwe

Izinjini zendabuko zangaphakathi zokuhlanganisa (Ingcence) Ezimotweni zikaphethiloli zisebenza kahle kahle ekuguquleni amafutha amandla awenzele amandla, ngengxenye ebalulekile yamandla elahlekile njengokushisa. Ama-motor kagesi, Ngokolunye uhlangothi, Guqula amandla kagesi ngokuqondile emandleni okusebenza, ukuvumela ukusebenza kahle okukhulu kanye nokungcola kwamandla okuncane. Ngokusho kwezifundo, Izinjini zikagesi zingafinyelela ukusebenza kwamandla okuguqulwa kwamandla ngaphezulu 90%, qhathanisa nxazonke 20-30% Ngezakhi. Le nzuzo ihumusha ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi okuphelele, Ukufaka isandla ekuqinisekiseni.

1.3 Ukuncishiswa kokungcoliswa komsindo

Imoto yakwa-ElectricShiza ngokuthula ngaphezu kwezimoto zikaphethiloli zendabuko ngenxa yezinhlelo zazo ezilula zokwenziwa zoMkhakheli. Ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, ukuncishiswa kokungcoliswa komsindo kunomthelela endaweni enokuthula ngokwengeziwe, okungathuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo yabahlali. Lokhu kusebenza okuthule kusiza kakhulu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, lapho umsindo wethrafikhi uyinkinga enkulu, Ukutholwa Ukulala, ukuqoqana, Futhi inhlala-kahle yengqondo jikelele.

1.4 Ukuthuthuka kubuchwepheshe bebhethri kanye nokwenza ngcono ukwanda

Enye yezinto ezikhathazayo ezinkulu ezihlotshaniswa ngokomlando ne-EVS kube nemikhawulo yazo.. Nokho, Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bebhethri, kufaka ama-lithium-ion namabhethri wombuso oqinile, unwebe ngokunethezeka lokushayela le-EVS yanamuhla, ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka kwabathengi mayelana nobubanzi bokukhathazeka. Le nqubo eqhubekayo iqondanisa nokuzibophezela kukahulumeni waseChina ekusekeleni ucwaningo kanye nentuthuko kubuchwepheshe bebhethri ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-EV, Ubuningi bamandla, kanye Nokuphila.

2. Ukubhekana Nezinqumo Zomhlaba Wonke: Izimoto zikagesi kanye nokulwa kwamandla

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-EVS kubalulekile ekubhekaneni nezinselelo ze-Global Energy, Ikakhulu maqondana nokuthembela kawoyela kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwemithombo yamandla evuselelekayo.

2.1 Kunciphise ukuncika kwimithombo ye-petroleum

I-China incike kakhulu kumafutha angenisiwe ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zawo zamandla, Futhi lokhu kuncika kubeka engcupheni ngokuphepha kwamandla nokuguquguquka kwemakethe. Ngokukhuthaza i-EVS esebenzisa ugesi kunokuba uphethiloli noma udizili, I-China inciphisa ukuthembela kwayo ku-petroleum. Njengoba i-EVS iba khona kakhulu, Banciphisa isidingo sonke samafutha emkhakheni wezokuhamba, Ukufaka isandla ku-Energy Energy inkululeko kanye nomnotho wamandla ozinzile.

2.2 Ukwenza lula ukusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo

Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile ze-EVS ukuthi zinganikwa amandla yimithombo yamandla evuselelekayo efana nelanga, songa, namandla e-hydroelectric. I-China ibilokhu ingumholi wembulunga yonke ekutshaleni imali okuvuselelekayo, futhi i-EVS ihlinzeka ngesiteji esifanelekile sokusebenzisa la mandla ahlanzekile ezokuhamba. Ngokushaja i-EVS ngamandla avuselelekayo, I-China ingaphinde inciphise i-carbon footprint yayo bese yakha i-ecosystem yamandla e-ecosy. Lokhu kuqondanisa kuvumela futhi kugridi enokulinganisela futhi enokuqina, Lapho amandla aphezulu avuselelekayo angagcinwa kumabhethri e-eV, Ukunciphisa imfucuza ngempumelelo.

3. Imithelela yezomnotho yokuphakanyiswa kwezimoto kagesi

Ngaphezu kwezinzuzo ezihlobene nezemvelo nakwamandla, Ukukhuthaza i-EVS kunomthelela omkhulu emnothweni waseChina.

3.1 Ukushayela i-Electric Weing Imboni Chain

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-EVS kufaka phakathi izimboni eziningi, kufaka phakathi ukukhiqizwa kwebhethri, Izinhlelo ze-motor ne-elekthronikhi, kanye nengqalasizinda yokushaja. Ngokukhuthaza i-EVS, I-China ikhuthaza i-robust imboni chain esekela ubuchwepheshe obusha, Ukudalwa kwamathuba emisebenzi, kanye nenguquko yezimboni. Ukukhula kwe-EV Imboni Yezimboni kudonsela imali eningi, Isidingo sokushayela somsebenzi onekhono eliphakeme, futhi ugqugquzela amafemu asekhaya ephambili ezimakethe ze-Global EV.

3.2 Ukuguqulwa kwezimboni kanye nokuthuthuka

Ukushintshwa okubheke phezulu imoto yakwa-Electrics iyingxenye yecebo elikhulu leChina lokuguqulwa kwezimboni kanye nokwenza ngcono. Ukukhishwa kwezimoto kwendabuko kube ngumshini obalulekile eChina, Kepha ukuguqukela ku-EVS kumelela ukushintshwa kokukhiqizwa kobuchwepheshe obuphakeme nemvelo. Le shintsho lithuthukisa ukuncintisana kwezimboni zaseChina ngokubeka imboni yayo yezimoto njengomholi we-Global Innology kanye nokwenza izinto ezintsha.

3.3 Ukusekela imikhakha ehlobene

Ukwanda kwemakethe ye-EV nakho kusiza izimboni eziningana eziseduze. Ngokwesibonelo, Imikhakha Ezama Amandla Evuselelekayo - ikakhulukazi ilanga nokuhlangenwe nakho komoya kufunwa ukufunwa kwemali njengoba benikeza ugesi odingekayo ukukhokhisa i-EVS. Ngokufanayo, Igridi yamandla yegridi nemikhakha yokugcina amandla ithola kusuka ekutshalweni kwemali ekwandiseni ubuchwepheshe begridi ehlakaniphile kanye nezixazululo zokugcina amandla, Kokubili okubalulekile ekusekeleni ukutholwa okusakazwayo okubanzi.

4. Izindlela zikahulumeni zokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto kagesi

Uhulumeni waseChina usebenzise izindlela ezahlukahlukene zenqubomgomo zokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-EV, Ukubhekana nezithiyo zokungena, ukwamukelwa kwabathengi, nezidingo zengqalasizinda.

4.1 Ukuxhaswa Kocwaningo Nokuthuthuka

Uhulumeni waseChina wenze ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni (Um&D) Okwebuchwepheshe be-EV. Ngokuxhasa izinkampani ekwakheni amabhethri wokusika onqenqemeni, motor, nezinhlelo zokulawula ngogesi, Uhulumeni usiza ukusheshisa intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Lokhu kutshalwa kwemali kuhloswe ngalo ukuthi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwe-EV kuphela kanye nokunciphisa izindleko kodwa nokuqinisekisa ukuqina komkhakha we-EV.

4.2 Uxhaso lwabathengi kanye nezinkuthazo

Ukukhuthaza ukutholwa kwabathengi, UHulumeni wethule uxhaso loxhaso lwe-EVS lungabizi kakhulu. Lezi zixhaso ezisiza ukulungisa izindleko eziphezulu eziphambili ze-EVS ziqhathaniswa nezimoto zendabuko, kukhulisa ukunxusa kwabo kubathengi abazwela intengo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Izinkuthazo Zentela, Amalungelo we-Plate Plate, kanye nokuxolelwa okuvela kumikhawulo ethile yomgwaqo kunikezwa kubanikazi be-EV, okwengeziwe ukwamukelwa kwe-eV.

4.3 Ukushaja Ingqalasizinda Ukunwetshwa

Ukugxila okubalulekile kwenqubomgomo ye-EV ye-China's e-China bekukhulisa futhi kuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda yokushaja. Uhulumeni ubeke imali yokwakha iziteshi zokushaja ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, izindlela zokuhamba, kanye nezifunda zasemakhaya, Ukuhlose ukwakha inethiwekhi ephelele yokushaja engasekela ukukhula okulindelekile ku-EVS. Ngokubhekana nobubanzi bokukhathazeka nokuthuthuka lula, Lezi zimali zengqalasizinda zisusa enye yezithiyo eziyinhloko ukwamukelwa kwe-EV.

4.4 Ukubambisana kwemboni okukhuthazayo

Ukukhuthaza ubuciko kanye nokusebenza kahle, Uhulumeni waseChina ukhuthaza ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinkampani. Ngokwabelana ngezinsizakusebenza nobuchwepheshe, Amafemu anganciphisa izindleko futhi asheshise ukuthuthukiswa kwe-EVS. Ubambiswano lomphakathi-oluzimele selusunguliwe nokwenza ngcono amazinga e-EV, thuthukisa ukuphepha, futhi uqondise izinqubo zokukhiqiza nezinqubo zokusabalalisa ngaphakathi kwe-EV Supply Chain.

5. Izinselelo ezibhekene nokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zikagesi

Naphezu kwenqubekela phambili eyenziwe, Izingqinamba eziningana zihlala zivimbela ukwamukelwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe imoto yakwa-Electrics eChina.

5.1 Ubuchwepheshe bebhethri kanye nokulinganiselwa kobubanzi

Ubuchwepheshe bebhethri, Ngenkathi ukuthuthumela, Usenokulinganiselwa, ikakhulukazi maqondana nobuningi bamandla, Isikhathi sokushaja, futhi kubiza. Naphezu kokuthuthuka, Ububanzi bokukhathazeka buhlale ukukhathazeka kwabathengi abaningi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya lapho ingqalasizinda yokushaja ingahle ibe khona. Izixazululo zesikhathi eside, kufaka phakathi ukwakheka okusebenzayo futhi okuhlala isikhathi eside njengamabhethri wombuso oqinile, dinga okunye r&D Ukutshalwa Kwezimali.

5.2 Izindleko eziphakeme zezimoto zikagesi

I-EVS ngokuvamile inezindleko eziphakeme eziphambili eziqhathaniswa nezimoto zendabuko, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bebhethri obubizayo. Yize uxhaso lusiza ukunciphisa lo mthwalo wezezimali, Ukuthola ukunciphisa izindleko phakathi kwe-EVS nezimoto ze-ICE kuhlale kuyinselele. Abakhiqizi basebenzela ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza ngomnotho wesilinganiso nobuchwepheshe obusha, Kepha okunye ukwehliswa kwamanani entengo kuyadingeka ukwenza i-EVS ifinyeleleke izithameli ezibanzi.

5.3 Ingqalasizinda kanye nokushaja ukulinganiselwa kwenethiwekhi

Naphezu kokutshalwa kwemali okubalulekile, Ingqalasizinda yokushaja eChina isathuthuka, kanye nezinkinga ngokumbozwa, isivinini, futhi ukuthembeka kuyaqhubeka. Emadolobheni, Iziteshi zokushaja zingagcwala ngokweqile, Ngenkathi izindawo zasemakhaya nezenqwaba zinokufinyelela okulinganiselwe ezikhungweni zokushaja. Ukuxazulula lezi zikhala zengqalasizinda kubalulekile ukuze uthole ukwamukelwa okukhulu kwe-EV.

5.4 Ukubona komphakathi nokwamukelwa

Ngenkathi ukuqwashisa nge-EVS kuyanda, Ukuqonda komphakathi kuhlala kuyisithiyo. Abathengi abaningi basenezinsolo mayelana nokwethenjwa kwe-EV, isikhathi sokuphila kwebhethri, kanye nokushaja lula. Ukubhekana nalokhu kukhathazeka, Uhulumeni nezimboni kumele baqhubeke nokufundisa umphakathi ngezinzuzo ze-EVS, Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abathengi baqonda ukuthi i-EVS ingaba kanjani ngempumelelo nangemvelo yemvelo yezimoto zendabuko.

Ukugcina

Ukuphishekelwa kweChina imoto yakwa-Electric Ukuthuthukiswa kuqhutshwa inhlanganisela yezemvelo, amandla, nezinjongo zomnotho. Lapho imoto yakwa-ElectricS unikele ngezinzuzo ezicacile ngaphezu kwezimoto zikaphethiloli zendabuko ekunciphiseni ukuphuma, ukwehlisa ukuncika ku-petroleum, nokukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwezimboni, Izinselelo zihlala kubuchwepheshe bebhethri, khokhisa, isicelo sengqalasizinda, kanye nokuqonda komphakathi. Ngokusekelwa kwenqubomgomo kaHulumeni kaHulumeni, Ukusebenzisana Kwezimboni, futhi uqhubeke r&D Imizamo, IChina isebenza ngenkuthalo ukulungisa lezi zinselelo, Ukuhlose ukwenza i-EVS ibe ukukhetha okujwayelekile kokuhamba okuqhubekayo.

Njengoba ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe nezinqubomgomo ziyavela, imoto yakwa-Electrickungenzeka ukuthi badlale indima ephakathi nendawo yokuhamba yezokuhamba, Ukusiza Izwe Ukuthola Imigomo Yalo Yezemvelo, Yehlisa Ukuthembela Kwamandla, futhi ugqugquzele ukuncintisana, Umnotho Ozinzile.