Kungani izimoto zikagesi zinyakazisa?

Njengemodi evelayo yokuhamba, imoto yakwa-Electricuzuze ukuthandwa okwandayo phakathi kwabantu. Nokho, -nye imoto yakwa-Electric Abasebenzisi bahlangabezana nezinkinga ezinyakazayo ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, okubenza bangabaze ukusebenza kwezimoto zikagesi. Yini imbangela imoto yakwa-ElectricS ukuxhawula?

Izizathu zokuqhaqhazela imoto kagesi kungabikwa ezintweni ezilandelayo:

Amandla wemoto kagesi aqhamuka emotweni, Futhi imoto ikhiqiza ukudlidliza ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Lapho imoto ingalingani noma ukungasebenzi kahle, Kungadala ukuthi imoto inyakaze. Ama-Motors ezimotweni zikagesi ayizinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-elektromolwechachical. I-rotor yemoto engalingani, Ngokwesibonelo, kungaholela emandleni ama-centen centrifugal ngesikhathi sokujikeleza. Lokhu kungalingani kungavela ngenxa yokukhiqiza ukubekezelela, ukulimala kwe-rotor ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, noma ukufakwa okungafanele. Lapho imoto isebenza ngejubane eliphezulu, Ngisho nokungalingani okuncane kungakhuliswa, okuholela ekuvuthweni okukhulu okudluliselwa emzimbeni wemoto. Kwezinye izimo, Izinkinga Ngezimoto zemoto nazo zingasiza ekuvuseleleni okungajwayelekile. -Gugile – Amabhele angakwazi ukusekela i-rotor kahle, kwenze kube ne-webble futhi ukhiqize ukudlidliza.

Amathayi athambekele ekungalingani ngemuva kwesikhathi eside – ukusetshenziswa kwethemu, okwenza imoto inikine ngenkathi ngishayela. Ukunyakazisa kubonakale ngokwengeziwe, ikakhulukazi lapho amathayi emoto egqokwa ngokungafanele. Amathayi ahlala ngaphansi kwamabutho ahlukahlukene ngesikhathi sokushayela, njengokuxabana, amabutho e-corning, kanye nokungahambi kahle kwemigwaqo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, Lawa mandla angadala ukuthi ithayi linyathele ukugqoka ngokungalingani. Ngokwesibonelo, Uma imoto inesondo le-microsed, uhlangothi olulodwa lwethayi lungagqoka ngokushesha kunolunye. Lokhu kugqoka okungalingani kushintsha isikhungo sethayi lesisindo, okuholela ekungalingani. Lapho ithayi lijikeleza ngejubane eliphezulu, Ukungalingani kwakha amandla ama-cyclic abangela ukuthi imoto inyakaze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ukushaya imigodi noma ama-curbs kungalimaza nesakhiwo sethayi futhi kuholele ekungalingani.

Uhlelo lwe-brake lwemoto kagesi luyingxenye ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ukushayela okuphephile. Lapho kunezinkinga nge-brake disc noma i-brake caliper, Kungadala umuzwa oshukumisayo ngesikhathi sokubopha. Ama-Brake Disc angathuthukisa izingqinamba ezinjenge-warping. Lokhu kungenzeka lapho amabhuleki esephelile – -setshenzisiwe, okwenza ukushisa ngokweqile. Ukushisa kungadala insimbi ye-disc brake ukunweba ngokungalingani, futhi upholile, kungenzeka ingabuyeli esimweni sayo sokuqala esiyisicaba. Lapho i-dis dis disc ehlane ihlangana nama-brake pads ngesikhathi sokubopha, Kwakha amandla angalingani, okuholele ekuthukeni noma ekujuleni komuzwa. Ngokufanayo, Izinkinga ngama-brake calipers, njengamaphasi anamathela noma ukugqokwa kwe-unaenten pad, futhi kungaholela emandleni ama-braking angajwayelekile kanye nokuqhaqhazela okulandelayo.

Uhlelo lokumiswa luyingxenye ebalulekile yemoto, Njengoba kunciphisa i-jolting izizwe ngabashayeli nabagibeli. Uma uhlelo lokumiswa luhluleka nokushaqeka kwalo – Umphumela wokutholwa uyancishiswa, Kungabangela kalula imoto ukuba inyakaze. Uhlelo lokumiswa luqukethe izakhi ezinjengama-shock tountbers, izitsha zemishini, futhi alawule izingalo. Ama-Shock Omuncters aklanyelwe ukunciphisa ukudlidliza okubangelwa ukungahambi kahle kwemigwaqo. Lapho abakwa-Shock Backbers baguga, ngeke basakwazi ukudonsa ngempumelelo le viski, ukuvumela ukuthi badluliselwe emzimbeni wemoto. Ama-springs alahlekelwe ukuqina kwawo noma awonakalisiwe angaba nomthelela ekuhambeni kwe-harsher futhi athuthukisile ukuthuthumela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Izinkinga ngezingalo zokulawula, njengokugqokwa – ukuphuma kwe-bushings, kungathinta ukuphatha imoto futhi kubangele ukuthuthumela.

Umthombo wamandla wemoto kagesi yipakethe lebhethri. Lapho ukuxhumana ngaphakathi kwephakethe lebhethri kukhululekile noma amabhethri aguga, Kungadala izinkinga ezinyakazayo. Amaphakethe webhethri ezimotweni zikagesi akhiwa amaseli webhethri amaningi axhunyiwe ochungechungeni kanye nokufana. Ukuxhumana okuxekethile phakathi kwalawa maseli kungaholela ekuxhumaneni ngogesi okwenziwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Lapho ukugeleza kwamanje kukagesi kuphazamiseka, Kungadala ukuthi imoto yathola amandla angahambelani, okuholela ekudlikisweni. Njengamabhethri aneminyaka yobudala, Ukumelana kwabo kwangaphakathi kwangaphakathi, kanye nekhono labo lokunikeza amandla aqinile anciphise. Lokhu kungenza futhi motor ukuba isebenze ngokwephutha, okuholela ekuthungeni.

Ukubhekana nenkinga yokuthuthumela kwezimoto zikagesi, Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zingathathwa:

Gcina njalo imoto yemoto, amamayela, uhlelo lwe-brake, kanye nohlelo lokumiswa ukuze bazigcine esimweni esijwayelekile sokusebenza. Uhlelo oluphelele lwesondlo kufanele lwenzelwe izimoto zikagesi. Yemoto, Kuyadingeka ukuhlola ibhalansi kaRotor, isimo se-bearings, nobuqotho bomoya kagesi ngezikhathi ezithile. Amathayi kufanele ahlolwe ukuze agqoke futhi aklebhule, Futhi ukucindezela kwabo kwamanani kufanele kugcinwe ezingeni elinconyiwe. Uhlelo lwe-brake ludinga ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwama-disc brake, amakhalobha, nama-pads. Izingxenye zohlelo lokumiswa, kufaka phakathi ukuthuthuka okushaqekile, izitsha zemishini, futhi alawule izingalo, kufanele ihlolwe nganoma yiziphi izimpawu zomonakalo noma ukugqoka.

Hlinzeka njalo ibhalansi yamathayi. Uma kunokungalingani, ngokushesha ukululungisa. I-Tire Balance ingahlolwa kusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile esikhungweni senkonzo yeTire. Le mishini ikhipha ithayi ngesivinini esikhulu futhi ilinganise ukungalingani. Kususelwa ekufundweni, Izinsimbi zingangezwa ku-Wheel Rim ukulungisa ukungalingani. Kunconywa ukuthi amathayi alinganiselwe okungenani kanye ngonyaka noma nini lapho kunezimpawu zokugqoka ezingalingani noma zinyakazise.

Hlola njalo ukugqokwa kwe-brake disc kanye ne-brake caliper. Uma kukhona okungenzeka, buyisela esikhundleni ngesikhathi. Ama-brake disc kufanele ahlolwe ukuze alwe, ukuphula, noma ukugqoka ngokweqile. Igeji yokubukhali ingasetshenziswa ukukala ubukhulu obusele be-disc brake. Uma i-disc igqokwa ngaphansi komkhawulo onconyiwe noma ikhombisa izimpawu zokulwa, kufanele ithathelwe indawo. Ama-brake calipers kufanele ahlolwe ukuze asebenze kahle, futhi uma amapayini enamathela noma amaphakethe agqokwa ngokungalingani, Ukulungiswa okufanele noma ukushintshwa kufanele kwenziwe.

Hlola njalo isimo sohlelo lokumiswa ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kwalo okujwayelekile futhi uvikele ukuthuthumela okubangelwa ukwehluleka kohlelo lokumiswa. Ama-Shock Omuncur angahlolwa ngokushaya imoto ekhoneni ngalinye. Uma imoto iqhubeka nokugxuma ngemuva kokudedelwa, Kungakhombisa ukuthi abaxhasi abashaqekile bakhathele futhi badinga ukushintshwa. Iziphethu kufanele zihlolwe nganoma yiziphi izimpawu zomonakalo noma zokulahleka kokuqina. Ama-bushings angawalawulo kufanele ahlolwe ukugqokwa, futhi uma begqokwa, zingathathelwa indawo ukuthuthukisa ukuphatha imoto futhi zinciphise ukunyakazisa.

Hlola njalo ukuxhumana kwephakethe lebhethri ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwalo. Faka esikhundleni amabhethri okuguga lapho kunesidingo. Ukuhlolwa okubukwayo kokuxhumeka kwebhethri yebhethri kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuhlolwe noma yiziphi izintambo ezivulekile noma ama-terminals acoced. Amathuluzi akhethekile wokuxilonga angasetshenziswa ukuhlola impilo yamaseli ebhethri. Uma amanye amaseli etholakala abe nokumelana okuphezulu kakhulu kwangaphakathi noma umthamo ophansi ngenxa yokuguga, bangadinga ukushintshwa. Lokhu kungasiza ukugcina amandla aqinile okuhlinzekwa kwebhethri yebhethri futhi avikele ukuthuthumela okubangelwa ibhethri – Izinkinga ezihlobene.

Ukuzamazama kunomthelela ongemuhle ekusebenzeni nasekufekeni kwezimoto zikagesi. Ukuthuthumela kuthinta isipiliyoni sokushayela somshayeli futhi kunciphisa induduzo yokushayela. Ukuzamazama okuqhubekayo kungakungela ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinye izinto, Shesha ukugqokwa kwezimoto, futhi unciphise impilo yenkonzo yemoto. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxazulula inkinga enyakazayo ngesikhathi esifanele sokugcina ukusebenza kwezimoto futhi unwebe isikhathi sayo sokuphila.

Okuhlangenwe nakho okungathandeki kokushayela ngenxa yokuqhaqhazela kungadala ukukhathala kwabashayeli, ikakhulukazi phakathi nende – Ukushayela Ibanga. Lokhu kukhathala kungaholela ekuhlushweni okuncishisiwe kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yezingozi. Ngokuya kwe-Contencent Wear, Ukudlidliza okuqhubekayo kusuka ekunyisweni kungadala ama-bolts namantongomane okukhulula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kungathinta ubuqotho bezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene emotweni, njengohlelo kagesi, lapho ukuxhumana okuxhunyiwe kuholela khona kufushane – amasekethe noma amaphutha kagesi aphakathi nendawo. Endabeni yohlelo lokumiswa, Ukuthuthukiswa ngokweqile kungadala ukucindezela okwengeziwe ezingxenyeni, okuholela ekugqokeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi, izitsha zemishini, nama-bushings. Imoto, okuyinhliziyo yemoto kagesi, ingathinteka futhi. Ukudlidliza okuqhubekayo kungadala ukuthi amabele aphele ngokushesha, Futhi izintambo zikagesi zingalinyazwa ngenxa yokucindezela okuphindaphindiwe okubangelwa ukuthuthumela.

Akukho mehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kwezinkinga ezinyakazayo ezimotweni zikagesi nophethiloli – Izimoto ezinamandla. Ukuthi kuyimoto kagesi noma uphethiloli – imoto enamandla, Izinkinga eziningi ezinyakazayo zibangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle noma ukungalingani kwezakhi zemoto ezahlukahlukene. Kokubili uphethiloli – Izimoto ezinamandla nezigesi, Izindlela zokuxazulula inkinga yokunyakazisa ngokuyinhloko ziyefana, ikakhulukazi ngokulungiswa okujwayelekile nokuthathwa.

Kuphethiloli – Izimoto ezinamandla, Injini yokudlidliza ingaba ngumthombo obalulekile wokuzamazama, Ifana ne-Motor Vibration ezimotweni zikagesi. I-crankshaft enjini engalinganiselwe, -gugile – Izindandatho zenjini, noma izinkinga ngohlelo lokulahla kungenza injini idlidlize, okube sekudluliselwa emzimbeni wemoto. Njengezimoto zikagesi, I-Tire Imbalince, Izinkinga zohlelo lwe-Brake, Futhi ukwehluleka kohlelo lokumiswa nakho kuyizimbangela ezijwayelekile zokuqhaqhazela kuphethiloli – Izimoto ezinamandla. Izisombululo zikaphethiloli – Izimoto ezinamandla nazo zifaka ukulungiswa okujwayelekile, njengenjini yokuhlangana – phezulu, ukujikeleza kwamathayi nokuguquguquka okulinganiselwe, Ukuhlolwa kohlelo lwe-Brake, kanye nokulungiswa kohlelo lokumiswa.

Ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa athuthukile budlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni izinkinga ezinyakazayo ezimotweni zikagesi. Izinzwa zokudlidliza zingafakwa ezindaweni ezihlukene ezibalulekile emotweni, njengemoto, uhlelo lokumiswa, kanye ne-chassis. Lezi zinzwa zingabheka ngokuqhubekayo amazinga wokudlidliza namaphethini. Lapho kutholakala ukudlidliza okungajwayelekile, imoto ivuliwe – Uhlelo lokuxilonga lwebhodi lungakhiqiza isexwayiso, ukuhlinzeka ngemininingwane enemininingwane mayelana nomthombo ongaba khona wenkinga. Ngokwesibonelo, Uma inzwa yokudlidliza eduze kwemoto ithola ukudlidliza okungajwayelekile, Uhlelo lungahlaziya imvamisa kanye nokuphakama kwama-vibrations ukuthola ukuthi kungenxa yokungalingani kwemoto noma inkinga nge-bearings.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, I-Data Analytics ingasetshenziswa ukubikezela izinkinga ezingaba khona ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke. Ngokuqoqa nokuhlaziya idatha yomlando ekusebenzeni kwezimoto, kufaka phakathi idatha yokudlidliza, Amaphethini angakhonjwa angakhombisa ukwehluleka kwengxenye okuzayo. Ngokwesibonelo, Uma imininingwane ikhombisa ukukhuphuka kancane kancane emazingeni okudlidliza wohlelo lokumiswa ngesikhathi esithile, Kungaphakamisa ukuthi abaxhasi abashaqekile baqala ukugqoka, kanye nokulondolozwa kokuvimbela kungahlelelwa.

Umthelela wokuzamazama ungahluka ngokuya ngohlobo lwemoto kagesi. Ngezimoto zabagibeli kagesi, Ukuzamazama kungathinta kakhulu induduzo yabagibeli, ikakhulukazi amamodeli okunethezeka lapho ukugibela bushelelezi kuguguleka kakhulu. Ngokungqubuzanayo, ngezimoto ezithengiswayo zikagesi ezinjengamaloli okulethwa, Ukuzamazama akunakuthinta kuphela induduzo yomshayeli kodwa futhi nomthelela ekuphepheni kwemithwalo. Uma ukuthuthumela kunzima ngokwanele, Kungadala ukuthi imithwalo ishise noma iwe, okuholela ekulimaleni okungaba khona nokulahleka.

Kwamabhasi kagesi, okuphatha inani elikhulu labagibeli, Ukuzamazama kungabeka engcupheni yokuphepha. Abagibeli bangalahlekelwa ukulinganisela kwabo futhi bawa, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi kushesha noma ukuncishiswa lapho ukuthuthumela kushiwo ngokwengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ukuzamazama okuqhubekayo nakho kungadala ukugqoka nokuklebhula engxenyeni yebhasi yangaphakathi, njengezihlalo kanye nezinceku.

Izindleko zokuxazulula izinkinga ezinyakazayo ezimotweni zikagesi zingahlukahluka kakhulu. Izingqinamba ezincane ezinjengokulungiswa kwethayi lokulinganisa akubizi kakhulu, Imvamisa kubiza amadola ambalwa kuphela esitolo sethayi sendawo. Nokho, Izinkinga ezinkulu njengokuthatha indawo imoto engasebenzi kahle noma iphakethe lebhethri elimele lingabiza kakhulu. Imoto entsha kagesi ingabiza amadola ayizinkulungwane eziningana, kanye nokubuyiselwa kwebhethri kwebhethri kungabiza kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube amashumi ezinkulungwane zamaRandi.

Ukulungiswa kohlelo lwe-Brake nakho kuyahluka ngezindleko. Ukubuyisela ama-brake pads akubizi, Kepha uma i-brake disc noma i-caliper idinga ukushintshwa, Izindleko zingakhuphuka kakhulu. Ukulungiswa kohlelo lokumiswa nakho kungabiza, Ikakhulu uma izakhi eziningi ezinjengezithakathi ezishaqekile kanye nezingalo zokulawula zidinga ukushintshwa.

Njengoba kunikezwe izici ezihlukile zezimoto zikagesi, Ukuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe kwama-mechanics kubalulekile ekubhekaneni nezinkinga ezinyakazayo. I-Mechanics idinga ukuqeqeshwa ekuqondeni izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zikagesi zezimoto zikagesi, kufaka phakathi izinhlelo zokulawula izimoto nezinhlelo zokuphatha ibhethri. Kudingeka futhi kube nekhono ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile wokuxilonga ezimotweni zikagesi.

Ngokwesibonelo, Lapho kutholakala imoto – Inkinga ehlobene nokunyakazisa, I-Mechanics idinga ukwazi ukusebenzisa amathuluzi ukukala amapharamitha kagesi wemoto, njengamanje namandla kagesi, Ngaphezu kokubheka izingxenye zemishini. Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha kufanele zimboze ubuchwepheshe bamuva ekunakekelweni kwezimoto zikagesi, njengokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokuvuselela kabusha kanye nomthelela walezi zinhlelo kuma-dynamics wemoto jikelele.

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buqhubekisa phambili, Ikusasa libukeka lithembisa ukunciphisa ukuqhaqhazela ezimotweni zikagesi. I-New Motor Designs yathuthukiswa ngebhalansi engcono nezimpawu ezincishisiwe zokudlidliza. Ngokwesibonelo, Abanye abakhiqizi basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokunimali bama-magnetic advanced kuma-motors ukunciphisa ukudlidliza.

Ngokobuchwepheshe bebhethri, Ukuthuthuka kokukhiqiza amaseli webhethri nokupakisha kungaholela kumaphakethe ebhethri aqinile. Lokhu kunganciphisa amathuba okuthuthumela okubangelwa ibhethri – Izinkinga ezihlobene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ezihlakaniphile zokumiswa, njengezinhlelo zokumiswa ezisebenzayo ezingakwazi ukujwayela kwangempela – isikhathi ngokususelwa ezimeni zomgwaqo kanye namandla emoto, ingathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yokugibela futhi inciphise ukuthuthumela.

Ekuphetheni, Ukuqonda izimbangela kanye nezixazululo zokuqhaqhazela ezimotweni zikagesi kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwawo, ukuphepha, nokuphila isikhathi eside. Ngentuthuko eqhubekayo yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokulungiswa okufanele, Inkinga yokunyakazisa ezimotweni zikagesi ingabhekelwa ngempumelelo, Ukuhlinzeka ngesipiliyoni sokushayela esinethezekile nokwethembekile.