Kungani izimoto zikagesi zihlangabezana nazo “Ibhethri lamanga” engxenyeni yesibili yobubanzi babo?

Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani imoto yakwa-Electricisipiliyoni se-S “Ibhethri lamanga” engxenyeni yesibili yobubanzi babo, ngamandla ebhethri anganele ukuba avelele kakhulu. Umthamo webhethri wemoto kagesi unquma ibanga lawo lokushayela. Lapho umthamo webhethri unganele, le khasi imoto yakwa-Electric ingahlangana nokushoda kwamandla ngesikhathi sokushayela.

Umthamo webhethri olwanele we imoto yakwa-Electrics ingaba khona ikakhulukazi ezintweni ezilandelayo:

-Njengamanje, Izimoto zikagesi ezijwayelekile emakethe zisebenzisa i-lithium – Amabhethri e-Ion njengamadivayisi wokugcina amandla. Nokho, Ubuningi bamandla be-lithium – Amabhethri e-Ion akhawulelwe, Ukwehluleka ukuhlangana nabathengi’ izimfuno zebanga elide lokushayela. Ubuningi bamandla bebhethri bubhekisela kwinani lamandla elingagcina ngeyunithi ngayinye noma ivolumu. Naphezu kwentuthuko eqhubekayo eLithium – ubuchwepheshe bebhethri le-ion, Isenabangela kude kakhulu emuva kwamandla wamandla wendabuko kakhudlwana. Ngokwesibonelo, Uphethiloli unobuningi bamandla cishe 12,000 – 13,000 uonkelo – amahora ngekhilogremu, Ngenkathi amandla e-lithium ajwayelekile – Amabhethri e-Ion asetshenziswa ezimotweni zikagesi azungeze kuphela 100 – 260 uonkelo – amahora ngekhilogremu. Leli gebe elibalulekile lisho ukuthi ngemoto kagesi ukufezekisa uhla lokushayela oluqhathaniswa nophethiloli – imoto enamandla, Kudinga ukuthwala iphakethe lebhethri elikhudlwana futhi elisindayo.

Ukusatshalaliswa kweziteshi zokushaja akukuhle ngokwanele, futhi ijubane lokushaja lihamba kancane. Lokhu kuholela ezikhathini ezinde zokushaja kwezimoto zikagesi, Ukukhawulela ukuphindaphindwa kwamandla ebhethri. Ezindaweni eziningi, Ikakhulu ezindaweni zasemakhaya kanye namanye amadala asemadolobheni amadala, Ukuswelakala kweziteshi zokushaja kwenza kube yingozi kakhulu abanikazi bezimoto zikagesi ukuthi bakhokhise izimoto zabo. Ngisho nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni lapho iziteshi zokushaja zikhona, Izinkinga ezinjengezikhathi ezinde zokulinda, Imali ekhokhwayo ephezulu, Futhi amazinga wokushaja angahambelani ahambisanayo angakhubaza abasebenzisi ukuthi bangashaja. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ijubane lokushaja kancane leziteshi eziningi zokushaja, ikakhulukazi amashaja asendlini ajwayelekile, kungathatha amahora amaningi ukuze ukhokhise ngokugcwele imoto kagesi, okunye kunciphisa ukusebenziseka kwezimoto zikagesi.

Lapho imoto kagesi ishayela ngejubane eliphezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwamandla kushesha. Chitha kwalokho, -phezulu – Ukushaja okusheshayo kungasheshisa ukuguga kwebhethri futhi kunciphise isikhathi sayo sokuphila. Ngesivinini esikhulu, Imoto kufanele inqobe ukumelana komoya okukhulu, edinga amandla amaningi ebhethri. Ngokwesibonelo, Ukuphinda isivinini semoto kagesi cishe i-quadrules ukumelana komoya kubhekana nakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, -phezulu – Ukushaja okusheshayo, owaziwa nangokuthi ngokushesha – ukushaja, kungadala uchungechunge lwezinguquko zamakhemikhali nangokomzimba ngaphakathi kwebhethri. Ukungena ngokushesha kwamandla kagesi ngesikhathi sokushesha – Ukushaja kungaholela e-Lithium engalingani – Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Ion kumaseli ebhethri, kubangele ukwakheka kwama-lithium imali egumbini le-electrode ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lesi simo, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-lithium platium, akugcini nje ngokunciphisa amandla ebhethri kodwa futhi kubeka engcupheni yokuphepha njengoba kungaholela emfushane – amasekethe ngaphakathi kwebhethri.

Ngaphezu kwamandla adliwayo ukushayela, Imoto kagesi nayo idinga amandla izinhlelo zayo zikagesi, njenge-air conditioner, uhlelo lomsindo, nokukhanyisa. Lokhu kugawulwa kwamandla okwengeziwe kungasiza futhi kumandla webhethri anganele. Ngokwesibonelo, Ukugijima i-air conditioner ekuqhumeni okugcwele ngosuku olushisayo lwehlobo kungakhulisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwemoto. Ezinye izimoto zikagesi zikagesi ezinokunethezeka eziphakeme – Amasistimu womsindo wokugcina kanye nezesekeli eziningi ze-elekthronikhi nazo zisebenzisa inani elikhulu lamandla. Lama-Extra Power afuna ukunciphisa inani lamandla atholakalayo ukushayela, ukunciphisa ngempumelelo ibanga lokushayela imoto.

Ukubhekana nenkinga ye “Ibhethri lamanga” engxenyeni yesibili yobubanzi bemoto kagesi, Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zingathathwa:

Cwaninga futhi uthuthukise izinto zebhethri ngamandla aphezulu wamandla ukukhulisa umthamo webhethri futhi unwebe ibanga lokushayela. Ososayensi emhlabeni jikelele bahlola i-New Battery Chetries. Ngokwesibonelo, -jiyile – Amabhethri wombuso ayavela njengenye indlela ethembisayo ye-lithiyum yendabuko – amabhethri e-ion. -Jiyile – Amabhethri wombuso asebenzisa i-electrolyte eqinile esikhundleni soketshezi noma ijeli – Njengama-electrolyte e-lithium – amabhethri e-ion. Lokhu kungakhuphula amandla obuningi ngokuvumela ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu – Ama-electrodes we-voltage kanye nokuphendula kwamakhemikhali okwengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Izinto ezintsha ezifana ne-lithium – Isibabule ne-Lithium – amabhethri endiza nawo afundwayo. Ihithium – Amabhethri we-Sulfur anamandla okucabanga ukufeza ukuqina kwamandla kaningana e-lithium yamanje – amabhethri e-ion, Kepha babhekene nezinselelo ezinjenge-sulfur ephansi kagesi kagesi kanye nokuchithwa kwama-polysulfide ngesikhathi sokushaja kanye nokukhishwa kwenqubo.

Khulisa ukutshalwa kwezimali ekwakheni iziteshi zokushaja, Thuthukisa isivinini sokushaja, futhi wandise ubuntu bokushaja izinqwaba ukwenza lula abasebenzisi ekugcwaliseni amandla ebhethri nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ohulumeni bangadlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda yokushaja. Banganikeza uxhaso lwezezimali ekushaja opharetha wesiteshi, Lahla izintela ezithile ezihlobene nokushaja ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda, futhi unikele ngomhlaba okhethayo – Sebenzisa izinqubomgomo. Ngokwesibonelo, Amanye amadolobha asethe imali ekhethekile yokuxhasa ukufakwa kokushesha – Iziteshi ezishaja ezindaweni ezibalulekile njengezitolo ezinkulu zezitolo, izindawo zokupaka izimoto, kanye nasezindaweni ezinkulu zokuhamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Echaza ubuchwepheshe bokushaja kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuhambisana kwemishini yokushaja nakho kungathuthukisa lula ukushaja.

Yehlisa wena – Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwemoto kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwamandla. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kohlelo lukagesi nokwamukela amandla amaningi – Amadivaysi asizayo asebenzayo. Ngokuya nge-Vehicle Design, Izinto ezingasindi zingasetshenziswa ukunciphisa isisindo semoto jikelele. Ngokwesibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwekhabhoni – Ama-fiber composites ezinhlakeni zemoto anganciphisa kakhulu isisindo ngaphandle kokudela amandla ezakhiwo. Leli, esikhundleni salokho, kunciphisa amandla adingekayo ukuhambisa imoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ukulungiselela ukwakheka kwe-aerodynamics yemoto kunganciphisa nokumelana komoya, Ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ngohlelo kagesi, Ukuthuthukiswa kwama-motors asebenza kangcono nezinhlelo zokuphatha amandla kungathuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ngokwesibonelo, -ngenakuguqulwa – I-Magnet Synchrous Motors isebenza kahle kakhulu kune-Motors yokungeniswa kwendabuko kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza. Na-, Izinhlelo zokulawulwa kwamandla kwamandla angaguqula umphumela wamandla wezingxenye ezahlukahlukene zikagesi ngokuya ngezimo zokushayela zemoto, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okungadingekile.

Cwaninga futhi uthuthukise ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okusheshayo ukuze unciphise isikhathi sokushaja futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwamabhethri. Sheshayo – Ubuchwepheshe bokushaja belisungule ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva nje. Obunye ubuchwepheshe obusha bokushaja buhlose ukukhulisa ukushaja kwamanje kanye voltage ngenkathi kuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuqina kwebhethri. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthuthukiswa kokuphezulu – Iziteshi Zokushaja Amandla anamandla okushaja afinyelela ku 350 I-KW noma ephakeme kakhulu inganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokushaja. Nokho, sheshayo – Ukushaja nakho kudinga ukuthuthukiswa okuhambisanayo kubuchwepheshe bebhethri ukumelana nokuphakama – inqubo yamanje yokushaja. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ukuthuthukiswa kwama-algorithms okukhokhisa angakhulisa inqubo yokushaja ngokuya ngesimo sebhethri lezempilo kanye nendlela yokushisa kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle.

Ngaphezu kokushaja kwe-socket yendabuko, Ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okungenantambo bungenziwa ukwenza ukushaja kube lula kakhulu kubasebenzisi. Ukushaja okungenantambo, owaziwa nangokuthi ukushaja okulungile, Isebenzisa izinkambu ze-electromagnetic ukudlulisa amandla phakathi kwephedi lokushaja emhlabathini kanye nokwamukela emotweni. Lobu buchwepheshe bunganikeza isipiliyoni esikahle sokushaja, Ikakhulu ezimweni ezinjengezindawo zokupaka izindawo zokupaka kanye nemigwaqo yokuhlala. Ngokwesibonelo, Kwamanye amahhotela okunethezeka, Amaphakethe angenantambo afakiwe ezikhaleni zokupaka, Ukuvumela abanikazi bezimoto zikagesi ukuthi bakhokhise izimoto zabo ngaphandle kwesidingo sezintambo zokushaja. Nokho, Ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okungenantambo bubhekene nezinselelo ezifana nokusebenza kahle okuphansi kanye nezindleko zokufaka okuphezulu. Ukucwaninga okwengeziwe kanye nentuthuko kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo nokunciphisa izindleko.

Le khasi “Ibhethri lamanga” Isimo engxenyeni yesibili yebanga lemoto kagesi ingaba nomthelela othile kubasebenzisi’ isipiliyoni:

Uhla lokushayela lwemoto kagesi lunqunyelwe umthamo wayo webhethri. Le khasi “Ibhethri lamanga” Isimo singaholela ebangeni lokushayela elehluleka ukuhlangabezana nabasebenzisi’ isidingo. Lokhu kuyinkinga ikakhulukazi kubasebenzisi abadinga ukuhamba amabanga amade. Ngokwesibonelo, Uma umsebenzisi uhlela uhambo lomgwaqo futhi alindele ukufinyelela lapho kususelwa ebangeni elikhonjisiwe lemoto, Kepha ngenxa ye “Ibhethri lamanga” izindaba okuphikiswana ngazo, Imoto iphela amandla ngaphambi kokufika lapho uya khona, Kungadala ukuphazamiseka okukhulu. Lokhu kungaphoqa umsebenzisi ukuthi ashintshe amasu abo okuhamba, Thola ezinye iziteshi zokushaja, noma abhekane nobungozi bokudonswa endleleni.

Lapho kukhona “Ibhethri lamanga,” Abasebenzisi badinga ukushaja imoto, okunweba isikhathi esidingekayo ohambweni, kudala ukuphazamiseka kubasebenzisi’ vakasha. Ukushaja imoto kagesi kuvame ukuthatha isikhathi eside kunokukhulisa uphethiloli – imoto enamandla. Uma imoto ikhombisa “Ibhethri lamanga” Ngesikhathi sohambo, umsebenzisi kungadingeka asebenzise amahora angeziwe alinde imoto ukuthi ishaje. Lokhu kungaphazamisa uhlelo lomsebenzisi, ikakhulukazi kulabo abanezinhlelo zokuhamba eziqinile noma isikhathi – Ukuqokwa okubucayi.

Ukukhathazeka ngamandla ebhethri anganele futhi akwazanga ukuqeda uhambo, Abasebenzisi bangathola ukukhathazeka kanye nomqondo wokungavikeleki. Kanjalo – sazana khona “ububanzi bokukhathazeka” ukukhathazeka okuvamile phakathi kwabasebenzisi bezimoto zikagesi. Noma ngabe inkomba yebhethri yemoto ikhombisa inani elithile lamandla asele, Abasebenzisi kungenzeka bakhathazeke ukuthi “Ibhethri lamanga” Isimo sizokwenzeka, ebangela ukuba baqaphe njalo izinga lebhethri futhi bahlele izindlela zabo ezizungeze iziteshi zokushaja. Lokhu kukhathazeka kunganciphisa ukuthokozela okuphelele kokushayela imoto kagesi futhi kungahle kunqande abanye abathengi abangahle bakhethe imoto kagesi.

Ngaphansi kwezimo zezobuchwepheshe zamanje, Kunzima ukuxazulula ngokuphelele “Ibhethri lamanga” inkinga. Nokho, Ngokuthuthuka okwengeziwe kobuchwepheshe bebhethri kanye nengqalasizinda yokushaja, le khasi “Ibhethri lamanga” Inkinga kulindeleke ukuthi idume. Ngaphambi kokuthenga imoto kagesi, Abasebenzisi badinga ukuhlola ngokugcwele imoto yabo – Sebenzisa Izidingo, Khetha imodeli yemoto efanelekile kanye namandla webhethri okunciphisa umthelela we “Ibhethri lamanga” inkinga.

Ohulumeni emhlabeni wonke bangadlala indima enkulu ekubhekaneni ne “Ibhethri lamanga” inkinga. Okomfanyana, bangatshala imali kakhulu ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bebhethri. Ngokuxhaswa ngezimali amaphrojekthi enyuvesi nasezikhungweni zocwaningo, Ohulumeni bangasheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhemikhali amasha ebhethri futhi athuthukise ukusebenza kwebhethri. Ngokwesibonelo, Uhulumeni wase-United States wethule imizamo eminingana yokuxhasa ucwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bebhethri athuthukile, Ukuhlose ukukhulisa ubungako bamandla, Ijubane lokushaja, kanye nokuphila kwamabhethri.

Komzuzwana, Ohulumeni bangakha izinqubomgomo zokuthuthukisa ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda yokushaja. Banganikeza uxhaso ekushaja opharetha wesiteshi, Nikeza izisusa zentela zokufakwa kwezindawo zokushaja, futhi uhlele ukwakheka kweziteshi zokushaja emazingeni ase-Urban and esifundeni. EChina, Uhulumeni ubelokhu ekhuthaza ngentshiseko ukwakhiwa kweziteshi zokushaja ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, emigwaqweni emikhulu, nasezindaweni zasemakhaya. Lokhu kuthuthukise kakhulu ukusebenziseka lula kokushaja izimoto zikagesi.

Le khasi “Ibhethri lamanga” Inkinga inomthelela omkhulu emakethe yemoto kagesi. Kungathinta abathengi’ Ukuthenga izinqumo. Abathengi abaningi abangahle banqikaze ukukhetha imoto kagesi ngenxa yokukhathazeka nge “Ibhethri lamanga” izindaba okuphikiswana ngazo. Lokhu kunganciphisa izinga lokukhula kwemakethe yemoto kagesi.

Nokho, Ngokolunye uhlangothi, le khasi “Ibhethri lamanga” Inkinga ibuye iqhube i-Innovation nentuthuko embonini yezimoto zikagesi. Abakhiqizi bezimoto kanye nabakhiqizi bebhethri bangaphansi kwengcindezi yokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bebhethri kanye nokushaja ingqalasizinda ukubhekana nalolu daba. Lokhu kuholele ekunyuseni imali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni, okuvuselela inqubekela phambili embonini ekhona.

Ukuxazulula i “Ibhethri lamanga” Inkinga idinga ukutshalwa kwemali okubalulekile kwezomnotho. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha bebhethri kuvame ukufaka phezulu – Izinqubo Zokucwaninga Nezindleko Nezentuthuko. Ngokwesibonelo, Ucwaningo kanye nentuthuko eqinile – Amabhethri wombuso adinga okukhulu – Ukuhlola ukukala, ukuthengwa kwemishini ebizayo, kanye nokuqashwa kwe-Top – amathalente wesayensi nezobuchwepheshe.

Ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda yokushaja nakho kufaka izindleko ezinkulu. Ukwakha ngokushesha – Isiteshi sokushaja asidingi okuthengwa kuphela nokufakwa kwemishini yokushaja kepha futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwegridi yamandla endawo. Izindleko zokutholwa komhlaba kweziteshi zokushaja ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nazo zingaba phezulu kakhulu. Nokho, ohambeni olude, Ukuxazulula i “Ibhethri lamanga” Inkinga ingaletha izinzuzo zezomnotho. Kungakhuthaza ukuthandwa kwezimoto zikagesi, Yehlisa isidingo samafutha e-fossil, futhi ngenxa yalokho yiba nomthelela omuhle emakethe yamandla kanye nomnotho ophelele.

Le khasi “Ibhethri lamanga” Inkinga yinkinga yomhlaba wonke, Kepha amazwe ahlukene nezifunda zinezindlela ezihlukile futhi zithuthuka ekuxazululeni. Emazweni athuthukile anobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe namandla ezomnotho aqinile, njengeNorway, abase Netherlands, neJapan, Inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile yenziwe ngocwaningo lobuchwepheshe bebhethri nokushaja ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda. INorway inezinga lokungena eliphakeme lezimoto zikagesi, kanye nomthombo wayo – Inethiwekhi ethuthukisiwe, kufaka phakathi inani elikhulu lokushesha – Iziteshi Zokushaja, unciphise ngempumelelo umthelela we “Ibhethri lamanga” inkinga.

Emazweni asathuthuka, Yize zingabhekana nezinselelo ezifana nezinsizakusebenza zezezimali kanye namandla obuchwepheshe, Baphinde bathathe izinyathelo ngenkuthalo zokubhekana “Ibhethri lamanga” inkinga. Ngokwesibonelo, Amanye amazwe asathuthuka asebenzisana nezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke futhi athuthukiswe – Ozakwethu bezwe ukwethula ubuchwepheshe bebhethri obuthuthukile kanye nokushaja okuhlangenwe nakho kwengqalasizinda yokwakha.

Esikhathini esizayo, Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, le khasi “Ibhethri lamanga” Inkinga kungenzeka iphinde yandiswa. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuhlakani bokufakelwa nobuchwepheshe bedatha enkulu kungafakwa ezinhlelweni zokuphatha ibhethri. -Yi – Izinhlelo ezinamandla zokuphathwa kwebhethri zingabikezela ngokunembile umthamo webhethri osele nezidingo zokushaja ngokususelwa ezintweni ezahlukahlukene ezinjengemikhuba yokushayela, izimo zomgwaqo, nempilo yebhethri.

Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha bokugcina amandla, njengamabhethri wokugeleza kanye nama-supercapacitors, futhi inikezela ngezixazululo ezintsha. Amabhethri okugeleza anenzuzo yamandla aguqukayo namandla, Futhi ama-supercacitors angakhokhisa futhi asuse ngokushesha. Yize lobu buchwepheshe busenkingeni nasekuthuthukisweni noma kusenesikhathi – isigaba sesiteji sohlelo lokusebenza, Babambe amandla amakhulu okuxazulula i “Ibhethri lamanga” Inkinga isikhathi eside – ukuphela.

Ekuphetheni, Inkinga ye “Ibhethri lamanga” Engxenyeni yesibili yebanga lemoto kagesi kuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi efaka izici eziningi ezifana nobuchwepheshe bebhethri, Ingqalasizinda yokushaja, ukwakhiwa kwezimoto, kanye nokuziphatha komsebenzisi. Ngemizamo ehlangene kahulumeni, imboni, nomphakathi wokucwaninga wesayensi, Ukuqhubeka okuqhubekayo kwenziwa ekubhekaneni nale nkinga, Okuzothuthukisa kancane kancane ukusebenza komsebenzisi kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi wezimoto zikagesi nokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo komboni wezimoto zikagesi.