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Usebe
Usebe
Ngokuqwashisa okukhulayo kokuvikelwa kwemvelo, imoto yakwa-Electricushikukazi, njengendlela ehlanzekile – Ukuhamba kwamandla, bathole ukunakwa okwandayo nomusa. Qhathanisa nophethiloli wendabuko – Izimoto ezinamandla, amanani we imoto yakwa-Electrics ngempela zithengeka kakhulu. Ngakho-kunjalo, kungani imoto yakwa-Electrics eshibhile?
Buza 1: Kungani izindleko zezimoto zikagesi ziphansi?
Izindleko zezimoto zikagesi ziphansi kunezikaphethiloli wesintu – izimoto ezinamandla ikakhulukazi ngenxa yalezi zizathu ezilandelayo:
1. Ukuncishiswa Kwezinto Zomdabu
Izimoto zikagesi azidingi izingxenye ezifana nezinjini zikaphethiloli, amasistimu okudlulisela, futhi qeda – ukukhishwa – izingxenye ezihlobene, okuyizinto ezibalulekile kuphethiloli – Izimoto ezinamandla. Lezi zingxenye zemishini evamile ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izindleko zokukhiqiza eziphakeme kakhulu. Isistimu yamandla yemoto kagesi ikakhulukazi iqukethe injini kagesi nebhethri. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye zayo kulula futhi kubiza kancane.
Injini yamafutha iwucezu oluyinkimbinkimbi lomshini. Kubandakanya inani elikhulu lokunemba – izingxenye ezenziwe, njengama-pistons, amasilinda, ama-camshafts, kanye nama-valve. Inqubo yokukhiqiza yalezi zingxenye idinga phezulu – ukunemba kwemishini kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile, okwandisa kakhulu izindleko. Ngokwesibonelo, ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu – Ikhanda le-cylinder yenjini yokusebenza lingabandakanya izinyathelo eziningi zokwenza imishini, kuhlanganise nokulingisa, ukuqamba, kanye nokugaywa okunembayo, ngayinye enezela ezindlekweni zizonke. Ngokungqubuzanayo, injini kagesi emotweni kagesi inesakhiwo esilula. Ikakhulukazi iqukethe i-stator, i-rotor, kanye nebhokisi. Inqubo yokukhiqiza yemoto kagesi iqonde kakhudlwana, enezingxenye ezimbalwa kanye nezidingo zokuhlanganisa eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Isistimu yokudlulisela kuphethiloli – imoto enamandla, okuhlanganisa izingxenye ezifana no-gearbox, umehluko, kanye nama-driveshafts, yakhelwe ukudlulisa amandla esuka enjini iye emasondweni. Lolu hlelo aluyona nje inkimbinkimbi kodwa futhi ludinga ukugcinwa nokulungiswa njalo. Ukuthuthukiswa nokukhiqizwa okusezingeni eliphezulu – uhlelo lokudlulisa ikhwalithi lubandakanya imizamo ebalulekile yobunjiniyela kanye nezindleko. Emotweni kagesi, ukudluliswa kwamandla kuqondile kakhulu. Injini kagesi ingakwazi ukushayela amasondo ngokuqondile, ukuqeda isidingo se-multi complex – isistimu yokudlulisa igiya, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza.
2. Yehla Ezindlekweni Zebhethri
Enye yezingxenye ezibalulekile zemoto kagesi ibhethri. Eminyakeni yakamuva, intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bebhethri kanye nokwanda kokukhiqizwa kwebhethri kuholele ekwehleni okukhulu kwezindleko zebhethri. Ikakhulukazi emkhakheni we-lithium – amabhethri e-ion, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokufezeka kokukhulu – ukukhiqizwa kwesikali, izindleko zebhethri zehliswe kakhulu.
Ihithium – ubuchwepheshe bebhethri ye-ion buye bavela ngokuphawulekayo phakathi neminyaka. Ekuqaleni, izindleko ze-lithium – amabhethri e-ion ayephezulu ngenxa yobunkimbinkimbi benqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nesilinganiso esincane sokukhiqiza. Nokho, njengoba imizamo yocwaningo nentuthuko iye yaqina, izindlela ezintsha zokukhiqiza sezivele. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-electrode esebenza kahle kakhulu – izinqubo zokukhiqiza zithuthukise ukuminyana kwamandla amabhethri ngenkathi kunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphambili kanye nemishini yokukhiqiza nakho kube nomthelela ekwehliseni izindleko.
Omkhulu – ukukhiqizwa kwesikali se-lithium – amabhethri e-ion nawo adlale indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni izindleko. Njengoba isidingo sezimoto zikagesi senyukile, abakhiqizi bebhethri bakwazile ukuzuza umnotho wesilinganiso. Ngokukhiqiza inani elikhulu lamabhethri, izindleko ezingashintshi ezihambisana nocwaningo nentuthuko, ukwakhiwa kwefekthri, futhi ukuthengwa kwemishini kungasakazwa ngenani elikhulu lamayunithi. Lokhu kuholele ekwehleni okukhulu kwezindleko zeyunithi yamabhethri. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye abakhiqizi bebhethri abakhulu kakhulu emhlabeni manje sebengakwazi ukukhiqiza i-lithium – amabhethri e-ion ngenani eliphansi kakhulu nge-kilowatt ngayinye – ihora uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka embalwa edlule.
3. Izinqubomgomo Zoxhaso Zikahulumeni
Ukukhuthaza ukugqugquzelwa kanye nokuduma kwezimoto zikagesi, amazwe amaningi nezifunda zethule izinqubomgomo zoxhaso ezihambisanayo. Lezi zinqubomgomo zehlise kakhulu izindleko zokuthenga izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi, ngaleyo ndlela bathuthukise ukuncintisana kwabo.
Kwamanye amazwe, uhulumeni uhlinzeka ngoxhaso lwezezimali oluqondile kubathengi abathenga izimoto zikagesi. Ngokwesibonelo, eChina, uhulumeni uhlinzeke ngoxhaso olukhulu lokuthengwa kwezimoto zikagesi eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Lezi zibonelelo zingasukela ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa kuye emashumini ezinkulungwane zamayuan, kuye ngomthamo webhethri lemoto kanye nobubanzi. Lokhu kwenze izimoto zikagesi zakwazi ukuthengeka inani elikhulu labathengi.
Ngaphezu komthengi – uxhaso oluseceleni, abanye ohulumeni baphinde banikeze uxhaso kubakhiqizi bezimoto zikagesi. Lezi zibonelelo zingasetshenziswa ukweseka ucwaningo nentuthuko, ukwandisa umthamo wokukhiqiza, noma uthuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ngokwesibonelo, e-European Union, amanye amazwe angamalungu ahlinzeka ngosekelo lwezimali kubakhiqizi bezimoto zikagesi basekhaya ukuze babasize behlise izindleko zokukhiqiza futhi bathuthukise ukuncintisana kwabo emakethe yomhlaba..
Buza 2: Kungani Izindleko Zokusebenza Zezimoto zikagesi Ziphansi?
Ngaphandle kwezindleko zokuthenga eziphansi, izindleko zokusebenza zezimoto zikagesi nazo ziphansi kunalezo zikaphethiloli wendabuko – Izimoto ezinamandla.
1. Izindleko zokushaja eziphansi
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindleko zokugcwalisa uphethiloli – Izimoto ezinamandla, izindleko zokushaja izimoto zikagesi ngokuvamile zonga kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa amandla ahlanzekile ukushaja, izindleko zokusebenza zezimoto zikagesi ziphansi kakhulu futhi aziyingenisi imvelo.
Izindleko zikagesi zokushaja imoto kagesi ngokuvamile ziphansi kakhulu kunezindleko zikaphethiloli noma udizili.. Intengo kaphethiloli nodizili ingaphansi kokuguquguquka emakethe kawoyela yamazwe ngamazwe, okungase kuguquguquke. Ngokungqubuzanayo, intengo kagesi izinzile. Ezifundeni eziningi, izindleko zokushaja imoto kagesi a 100 – uhambo lwekhilomitha luyingxenyana kuphela yezindleko zokugcwalisa okufanayo – amafutha osayizi – imoto enamandla.
Chitha kwalokho, ngokuthuthukiswa okukhulayo kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengamandla elanga nawomoya, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ahlanzekile ukushaja izimoto zikagesi sekwande kakhulu. Uma imoto kagesi ishajwe ngelanga – ugesi okhiqizwayo, Ngokwesibonelo, izindleko zingaba phansi kakhulu noma ziro kwezinye izimo lapho umnikazi wemoto efake i-solar – uhlelo lokukhiqiza amandla ekhaya. Lokhu akunciphisi nje kuphela izindleko zokusebenza kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ngokwengeziwe ubungane bemvelo bemoto kagesi.
2. Izindleko Zokulungisa Ezehlisiwe
Izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi zinenani eliphansi lezingxenye futhi azinzima kakhulu kunophethiloli – Izimoto ezinamandla, okuholela ezindlekweni zokunakekela eziphansi. Izimoto zikagesi azidingi imisebenzi yokulungisa njalo njengokushintsha uwoyela nenhlansi – ukushintshwa kwamapulaki. Esikhundleni, badinga kuphela ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwesimo sebhethri kanye nokusebenza kwemoto kagesi.
Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi kuphethiloli – imoto enamandla idinga izinguquko ezivamile zikawoyela ukugcoba izingxenye ezihambayo nokuvimbela ukuguga ngokweqile. Izindleko zamafutha enjini, izihlungi zamafutha, futhi umsebenzi wokushintsha uwoyela ungakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlansi – amapulaki adinga ukushintshwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthuthwa okufanele kukaphethiloli – ingxube yomoya kumasilinda enjini. Le misebenzi yokulungisa ayisona isikhathi kuphela – kuyadla kodwa futhi kuyabiza.
Emotweni kagesi, injini kagesi inesakhiwo esilula kakhulu nezingxenye ezihambayo ezimbalwa uma kuqhathaniswa nenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Injini ayidingi ukugcotshwa kwamafutha, futhi izingxenye zayo azivamile ukuguga. Ibhethri ingenye ingxenye enkulu edinga ukunakwa. Nokho, izinhlelo zesimanje zokuphatha ibhethri zingaqapha isimo sempilo yebhethri, futhi ukunakekelwa ikakhulukazi kuhilela ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukushaja nokukhipha okufanele, esikhundleni semisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi yokushintshanisa.
3. Izindleko Zokupaka Ezehlisiwe
Amadolobha amaningi anikela mahhala noma ngaphansi – izindawo zokupaka ezinamanani ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto zikagesi, okuholela ezindlekweni eziphansi zokupaka izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi.
Kwezinye izindawo zasemadolobheni, uhulumeni wasekhaya wethule izinqubomgomo zokuhlinzeka ngokupaka okukhethekile kwezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukupaka mahhala ezindaweni ezithile zokupaka zomphakathi, izindleko ezincishisiwe zokupaka emagalaji okupaka okuhweba, noma ugesi ozinikele – into yokuhamba – izindawo zokupaka kuphela. Ngokwesibonelo, kwamanye amadolobha aseYurophu, abanikazi bezimoto zikagesi bangapaka mahhala – izindawo zokupaka emgwaqweni isikhathi esithile, okungagcina inani elikhulu lemali, ikakhulukazi kulabo abapaka njalo enkabeni yedolobha.
Lezi zinqubomgomo zokupaka ezikhethwayo azigcini nje ngokunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza zezimoto zikagesi kodwa futhi zikhuthaza abantu abaningi ukuba bakhethe izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi., esiza ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezimoto zikagesi kanye neqhaza ezinhlosweni zokuvikela imvelo.
Buza 3: Izimoto zikagesi Zingaphinde Zizehlise Kanjani Izindleko?
Izindlela eziyinhloko zokuthi izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi ziqhubeke nokunciphisa izindleko zihlanganisa lezi zici ezilandelayo:
1. Khulisa Ukuminyana Kwamandla Ebhethri
Ibhethri ingenye yezingxenye ezibalulekile zemoto kagesi. Ukwandisa ukuminyana kwamandla ebhethri kunganweba ibanga lokushayela imoto kagesi, nciphisa inani lebhethri elisetshenziswayo, kanjalo nezindleko eziphansi. Okunye okuthuthukile kanye nocwaningo kubuchwepheshe bebhethri kubalulekile ekwehliseni izindleko zezimoto zikagesi.
Ukuminyana kwamandla ebhethri aphezulu kusho ukuthi ibhethri lingagcina amandla engeziwe ngevolumu efanayo noma isisindo. Lokhu kuzovumela abakhiqizi bezimoto zikagesi ukuthi basebenzise amaseli ebhethri ambalwa ukuze bafinyelele ibanga lokushayela elifanayo noma elide. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ukuminyana kwamandla ebhethri kuphindwe kabili, inani lamaseli ebhethri adingekayo ukunika amandla imoto kagesi a 500 – ibanga lekhilomitha lingancishiswa kakhulu. Lokhu akunciphisi nje kuphela izindleko zebhethri ngokwayo kodwa futhi kunomthelela omuhle kwezinye izici zemoto, njengokunciphisa isisindo semoto kanye nethuba lokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwayo kwamandla.
Ososayensi bahlala behlola amakhemikhali amasha webhethri nezinto zokwakha ukukhulisa ukuminyana kwamandla. -Jiyile – amabhethri wombuso, Ngokwesibonelo, ziwubuchwepheshe obuthembisayo. Basebenzisa i-electrolyte eqinile esikhundleni soketshezi noma ijeli – njengama-electrolyte ku-lithium yendabuko – amabhethri e-ion. Lokhu kungase kukhulise ukuminyana kwamandla, thuthukisa ukuphepha kwebhethri, futhi unciphise izikhathi zokushaja. Nokho, ukuhweba okuqinile – amabhethri kahulumeni asabhekene nezinselele ezifana nezindleko eziphezulu zokukhiqiza kanye nezinkinga zokukhula. Imizamo eqhubekayo yocwaningo nentuthuko iyadingeka ukuze kunqotshwe lezi zinselele futhi kulethe izinzuzo eziphezulu – amandla – ukuminyana amabhethri ezimakethe ezinkulu.
2. Okukhulu – Ukukhiqizwa Kwesikali Nokuthuthukiswa Kochungechunge Lokuhlinzeka
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemakethe yezimoto zikagesi, enkulu – ukukhiqizwa kwesikali kunganciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza izingxenye. Ukuthuthukisa i-supply chain kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhlinzeka futhi kunciphise izindleko zokukhiqiza izimoto zikagesi.
Njengoba umthamo wokukhiqiza wezimoto zikagesi ukhula, abakhiqizi bangasebenzisa ngokunenzuzo umnotho wesilinganiso. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho ukhiqiza inombolo enkulu yezinjini zikagesi, izindleko zemoto ngayinye zingancishiswa ngokuthengwa kwenqwaba yezinto ezingavuthiwe, izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, kanye nokuncishiswa kwezindleko ezingashintshi ngenani elikhulu lamayunithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, enkulu – ukukhiqizwa kwesikali kuvumela ukutshalwa kwezimali kumishini yokukhiqiza ethuthuke kakhulu, okungase kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Ukwenziwa kahle kwe-Supply chain nakho kubalulekile. Ngokwenza lula i-supply chain, abakhiqizi banganciphisa izindleko zokusungula, ngcono izikhathi zokulethwa, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle jikelele kwenqubo yokukhiqiza. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukusebenzelana eduze kakhulu nabahlinzeki, ukwenza nje – phakathi – amasistimu okuphatha i-inventory yesikhathi, kanye nokutshala imali kubuchwepheshe bedijithali ukuthuthukisa ukubonakala kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye abakhiqizi bezimoto zikagesi basebenza nabahlinzeki bebhethri ukuze baqinisekise ukunikezwa okuzinzile kokuphezulu – amabhethri ekhwalithi ngenani elifanele. Bangase futhi batshale imali ekuhlinzekeni – iketango – isofthiwe yokuphatha ukulandelela ukunyakaza kwezingxenye kusuka kumnikezeli kuya kulayini wokukhiqiza empeleni – isikhathi.
3. Ukwesekwa Kwenqubomgomo kanye Noxhaso Lwemboni
Izibonelelo zikahulumeni kanye nokwesekwa kwezimboni kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni izindleko zezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi. Uhulumeni angakwazi ukusekela ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezimoto zikagesi ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezifana nokukhululwa enteleni kanye nokuhlinzeka ngezimali zocwaningo nentuthuko., ngaleyo ndlela kugqugquzelwa ukuncishiswa okwengeziwe kwezindleko.
Ukukhululwa enteleni kunganciphisa ngokuqondile izindleko zezimoto zikagesi. Ngokwesibonelo, amanye amazwe akhulula izimoto zikagesi ezintela zokuthenga, okungehlisa kakhulu intengo yokuthenga kubathengi. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokwenza izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi zikhange kakhulu emakethe kodwa kuphinde kukhuthaze abantu abaningi ukuthi bakhethe izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi, okubuye kukhuthaze ukukhula kwemboni yezimoto zikagesi.
Uhulumeni angaphinde ahlinzeke ngemali yocwaningo nentuthuko ukuze asekele ukusungulwa kobuchwepheshe bezimoto zikagesi. Lezi zimali zingasetshenziselwa ukucwaninga ubuchwepheshe obusha bebhethri, ngcono ukuklama imoto, kanye nokuthuthukisa amasistimu wokushaja asebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, e-United States, uhulumeni ubeke izimali zokweseka amaphrojekthi ocwaningo ahlobene nokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri emoto kagesi, okungagcini nje ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kodwa futhi okungenzeka kubuyise izinto ezibalulekile futhi kunciphise izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwebhethri.
Iqhaza Lokuqamba Okusha Kwezobuchwepheshe Ekwehliseni Izindleko
Ukuqamba okusha kwezobuchwepheshe kusenhliziyweni yokunciphisa izindleko zezimoto zikagesi. Ngaphezu kobuchwepheshe bebhethri, ezinye izici zobuchwepheshe bezimoto zikagesi nazo zivela ngokushesha. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthuthukiswa kwama-drivetrain kagesi asebenza kahle kubalulekile. Izinhlobo ezintsha zamamotho kagesi, njenge-axial – ama-flux motors, ziyahlolwa. I-Axial – ama-flux motors anamandla aphezulu – kwa- – isilinganiso sesisindo uma kuqhathaniswa neradial yendabuko – ama-flux motors, okusho ukuthi banganikeza amandla amaningi ngenkathi bebancane futhi belula. Lokhu kungaholela ekusebenzeni okungcono kwemoto kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza okungenzeka zibe phansi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezithuthukisiwe ekwakhiweni kwezimoto nakho kungaba nomthelela ekwehliseni izindleko. Izinto ezingasindi njengekhabhoni – ama-fiber composite anganciphisa isisindo sonke semoto, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwayo kwamandla. Nakuba carbon – ama-fiber composite ayabiza okwamanje, njengoba ubuchwepheshe for mass – ukukhiqiza lezi zinsiza kuyathuthuka, izindleko zabo kulindeleke ukuthi zehle. Lokhu ngeke kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla emoto kuphela kodwa futhi kungase kwehlise izindleko zebhethri elidingekayo ukuze imoto isebenze.
Umthelela Wokuncintisana Kwemakethe Ekwehlisweni Kwezindleko
Ukuncintisana okwandayo emakethe yezimoto zikagesi kuyimbangela yokwehliswa kwezindleko. Njengoba abakhiqizi bezimoto abaningi bengena emakethe yezimoto zikagesi, bangaphansi kwengcindezi yokuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo encintisanayo ngamanani aphansi. Lokhu sekuholele ekutheni kube nomjaho wezindleko – ikhono lokwenza. Abenzi bezimoto bahlale befuna izindlela zokuthuthukisa izinqubo zokukhiqiza, izinto zomthombo izindleko ezengeziwe – ngempumelelo, futhi kuthuthukiswe amamodeli ebhizinisi amasha.
Ngokwesibonelo, okunye okusha – abakhiqizi bezimoto zikagesi abangenayo baphazamisa imboni yezimoto zendabuko ngokuthatha okuqondile – kwa- – amamodeli okuthengisa abathengi. Lokhu kuqeda isidingo senethiwekhi enkulu yabadayisi, ukunciphisa izindleko zokumaketha nokusabalalisa. Lokhu kongiwa kwezindleko kungadluliselwa kubathengi ngendlela ephansi – izimoto ezinamanani.
I-Long – Izindleko Zesikhathi – Ukuhlaziywa kwenzuzo yezimoto zikagesi
Lapho ucabangela ubude – izindleko zesikhathi – inzuzo yezimoto zikagesi, kubalulekile ukucabangela hhayi kuphela izindleko zokuthenga nokusebenza kodwa nezinzuzo zemvelo nezenhlalakahle. Izimoto zikagesi zikhiqiza i-zero tailpipe emissions, okungaba nomthelela ezingeni lomoya elingcono ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Lokhu kunezinzuzo ezibalulekile zezempilo kubantu, ukunciphisa izinga lezifo zokuphefumula nokunye ukungcola – izinkinga zempilo ezihlobene. Ukonga izindleko mayelana nokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nokuvimbela ukulimala kwemvelo kungase kube kukhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba imboni yezimoto zikagesi ikhula, ingaqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezihlobene, njengemboni yokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri. Ukugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri emoto kagesi kungabuyisa izinto ezibalulekile njenge-lithium, i-cobalt, kanye ne-nickel, ukunciphisa ukuthembela ekuthengisweni kwempahla engavuthiwe kanye nethuba lokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwebhethri.
Umbono Womhlaba Wonke Wokwehliswa Kwezindleko Zemoto Kagesi
Umkhuba wokwehliswa kwezindleko zezimoto zikagesi uyinto yomhlaba wonke, kodwa izifunda ezahlukene zisezigabeni ezahlukene zale nqubo. Ezifundeni ezifana neChina, imakethe yezimoto zikagesi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ukwesekwa okuqinile kukahulumeni kanye nezinkulu – ukukhiqizwa kwezikali zezimoto zikagesi kuholele ekwehlweni kwezindleko ezinkulu. Abakhiqizi bezimoto baseShayina bakwazile ukuzuza umnotho wesilinganiso ngokushesha, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwebhethri lasekhaya – imboni yokukhiqiza nayo ibe negalelo ekwehliseni izindleko zebhethri.
EYurophu, akugxilwe kuphela ekwehliseni izindleko kodwa nasekuhlangabezaneni nemithethonqubo eqinile yezemvelo. Abakhiqizi bezimoto base-Europe batshala imali eningi ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubuchwepheshe bezimoto zikagesi ngenkathi besebenza ekuhlinzekweni – nokwenza kahle kweketango. Izinqubomgomo ze-European Union zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni zikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezimoto zikagesi, futhi ngenxa yalokho, izindleko ziyehla kancane kancane.
E-United States, imakethe yezimoto zikagesi ibilokhu ikhula kancane kancane. Ukwesekwa kukahulumeni ngendlela yokukhuthaza intela nocwaningo – na- – uxhaso lwezimali lwentuthuko lube neqhaza ekukhuthazeni ukuncishiswa kwezindleko. Nokho, izinselelo ezifana nengqalasizinda eshajayo ehlakazekile kanye nesidingo sokuqamba okusha kwezobuchwepheshe sisekhona.
Ikusasa Lokwehliswa Kwezindleko Zemoto Kagesi
Ukubheka ikusasa, izindleko zezimoto zikagesi kulindeleke ukuthi ziqhubeke nokwehla. Amamodeli ebhizinisi amasha angase avele, njengebhethri – ukushintshana kwezinsizakalo. Ibhethri – iziteshi ezishintshayo zingashintsha ngokushesha ibhethri eliphelile ngeshajwe ngokugcwele, ukunciphisa izikhathi zokushaja futhi kube namandla okunciphisa izindleko zobunikazi bebhethri. Le modeli ingase futhi ikhuthaze ukumiswa kwemiklamo yebhethri, okungaqhubeka nokunciphisa izindleko ngokusebenzisa umnotho wesilinganiso.
Ukuthuthukiswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye ne-inthanethi Yezinto (I-IoT) embonini yezimoto kungase futhi kube nomthelela ekwehliseni izindleko. -Yi – amasistimu okuphatha amabhethri anamandla angathuthukisa ukushajwa nokushajwa kwamabhethri, ukunweba ubude bazo bempilo kanye nokunciphisa isidingo sokushintshwa kwebhethri ngaphambi kwesikhathi. I-IoT – izimoto ezinikwe amandla zingaxhumana neziteshi zokushaja nezinye izimoto, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle jikelele kohlelo lwezokuthutha kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza.
Ekuphetheni, izimoto zikagesi ziya zishibhile ngenxa yenhlanganisela yenqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe, khokhisa – izinyathelo zokunciphisa, ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo, kanye nokuncintisana kwezimakethe. Njengoba imboni iqhubeka nokuthuthuka, izindleko zezimoto zikagesi kungenzeka zehle ngokuqhubekayo, okwenza kube inketho ekhangayo nakakhulu kubathengi. Lokhu ngeke nje kuqhubekisele phambili ukwamukelwa kabanzi kwezimoto zikagesi kodwa futhi kuzofaka isandla ekusaseni lezokuthutha elizinzile..