Kutheni le nto izithuthi zombane zithengiswa kakuhle?

Ngenkxalabo ekhulayo yeHlabathi yeHlabathi yeMicimbi yezeNdalo kunye nokuSperity uphuhliso oluzinzileyo, isithuthi sombanes, njengendlela enobuhlobo nenqanaba elisebenzayo lokuhamba kwendalo, basanda kakhulu kubantu abaninzi nangaphezulu. Kutheni isithuthi sombaneUkuthengisa njengeekeyiki ezishushu? Oku kulandelayo kuya kuphendula imibuzo emiselweyo yokukunceda ufumane ukuqonda okungcono ngezizathu zentengiso yokwaleka kwe isithuthi sombanes.

Izithuthi zombane aziveli ukungakhutyuli. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngexesha lokusebenza kwabo, Izithuthi zombane azikhupheli i-carbon diokside okanye ezinye iigesi eziyingozi, Ke ukuba nefuthe elincinci elingalunganga kwimeko engqongileyo. Izithuthi zombane nazo ziqhayise ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla. Xa kuthelekiswa nezithuthi ezinamafutha aqholiweyo ezichitha inxenye yamandla kwifom yobushushu kunye nefreyini, I-powertrorain yezithuthi zombane isebenza ngakumbi, ukwazi ukuguqula amandla ngakumbi kwisindululo semoto yombane. Ngaphezu koko, Izithuthi zombane ziza neendleko ezisezantsi zokulungisa kwaye zinike amava okuqhuba aqinisekileyo.

Kumhlaba owaziwayo wanamhlanje, Ubuhlobo bokusingqongileyo kwizithuthi zombane yindawo yokuzimela. Njengoko i-raples yehlabathi kunye neziphumo zotshintsho lwemozulu, Ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi eluhlaza kube yinto ephambili. Iinjini zemveli zangaphakathi zemveli zezona zinqamlezileyo, Ukukhupha i-carbon diokside kuphela kodwa kwaye ingcoliseko ifana ne-nitrogen oxiles kunye nexabiso elifanelekileyo lengozi kwimpilo yabantu kunye nendalo esingqongileyo. Izithuthi zombane, kwelinye icala, baleka kumbane, ezinokufunyanwa kumandla ahlaziyiweyo anjengelanga, umoya, okanye igunya le-hydro. Oku kuthetha ukuba banokuyifumana i-carbon ye-carbon ekufutshane ye-carbon kuyo yonke imiphefumlo yabo, ukusuka kwimveliso oza kuyisebenzisa.

Uncedo olusebenza kakuhle lwezithuthi zombane lubhalwe nzulu umahluko osisiseko phakathi kombane kunye ne-premdrains esekwe. Kwi-injini yamafutha, Inkqubo yokutshisa ipetroli ukuvelisa amandla omatshini kubandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi yokuguqula amandla amaninzi, nganye nganye ingenisa ilahleko. Ubushushu bulahlekile kwinkqubo yokupholisa i-injini, kunye nokuxabana phakathi kweendawo zokuhamba zichitha amandla ngakumbi. Okuchasene, Izithuthi zombane zisebenzisa i-cotors zombane, enomsebenzi ophezulu wokuguqula okuphezulu. Banokuguqula ngokukhawuleza amandla ombane avela kwibhetri ibe kukuhamba, Ngelahleko encinci kwifom yobushushu. Oku kusebenza kungekuphela nje kukugcina amandla kuphela kodwa kubhengeza ukuqhubela phambili i-ranges emide yokuqhuba yenani elifanayo lamandla agciniweyo.

Xa kufikwa kulondolozo, Izithuthi zombane zinendawo eyahlukileyo. Izithuthi zemveli zineenkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zoomatshini ezinamacandelo amaninzi ahamba ngeepistons, ivali, kunye neeCamshafts. Ezi zinto ziphantsi kokunxiba kunye nokukrazula ixesha kwaye zifuna ulondolozo oluqhelekileyo, kubandakanya utshintsho lweoyile, Ukutshintshwa kwecebo lokucoca, kunye ne-injini ye-injini. Izithuthi zombane, Nangona kunjalo, zinamacandelo ambalwa ahamba ngaphaya. Iimoto zabo zombane azinazo iinkqubo zokudibana zangaphakathi, Ke akukho mfuneko yotshintsho lweoyile okanye ulondolozo lwe-injini. Oku kulula kukhokelela kwiindleko ezisezantsi zokulungisa ngaphezulu kwe-puspan yemoto, Ukugcina abanini bobabini ixesha kunye nemali. Ukongeza, Ukusebenza okuthe cwaka kweemoto zombane kubonelela ngamava okuqhuba ngakumbi, simahla kwingxolo kunye nentshukumo enxulumene neenjini zemveli.

Ewe, Ngokuqhubela phambili phambili kwitekhnoloji yemoto yombane, Uluhlu, ebeyinto eyayinganyanzeliswa kakhulu kuphuhliso lwezithuthi zombane, Uye wakubona ukuphucuka okumangalisayo. Izithuthi ezininzi zombane ngoku zineemfuno ezaneleyo zokudibana neemfuno zemihla ngemihla zokuhamba zemihla ngemihla. Uninzi lwezithuthi zombane zingahamba ngaphezulu 200 ukuya 300 Iikhilomitha kwintlawulo enye, kwaye ezinye iimodeli eziphezulu zinokufumana uluhlu lwe 400 Iikhilomitha okanye ngaphezulu. Ecaleni kwale, Ukwandiswa okuqhubekayo kwenethiwekhi ye-pile ye-pile kuye kwaphucula indawo yokutshaja, Ukuqhubeka nokonakalisa ukusebenza kwezithuthi zombane.

Indaleko kuluhlu lwezithuthi zombane yiTestamente ekhawulezayo yolondolozo lwetekhnoloji kwishishini le-Automotive. Itekhnoloji yebhetri, ukuthi ngqo, wenze i-mandu ivuza ngaphambili. Ibhetri ye-lithium-ion, zezona zisetyenziswa rhoqo kwizithuthi zombane namhlanje, Ubone ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kulwalamano lwamandla. Ukuxinana kwamandla aphezulu kuthetha ukuba amandla amaninzi anokugcinwa kumthamo okanye ubunzima bebhetri, Ukuvumela izithuthi ukuba zihambe ngakumbi kwityala elinye. Uphando lukwaqhubeka ngetekhnoloji yebhetri elandelayo njengebhetri eqinileyo, Sisiphi isithembiso samandla oxineneyo, Amaxesha okutshabalalisa ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokhuseleko oluphuculweyo.

Ukuphuhliswa kweziseko zophuhliso zibalulekile ngokulinganayo. Inethiwekhi edityanisiweyo yezikhululo zokuhlawulisa iidolophu kunye neendlela eziphezulu zenza kube lula kubanini bezithuthi zombane ukuze baphinde babeke izithuthi zabo. Kwiindawo ezisezidolophini, Izikhululo zokubiyela zikawonke-wonke ziya kuba zixhaphake kakhulu, Ukuphelisa kwindawo yokupaka, Iindawo zokuthenga, kunye neendawo zokuhlala. Kwiindlela eziphezulu, Izikhululo zokuhlawula ngokukhawuleza zibekiwe ngamaxesha athile, Ukwenza umgama omde. Le nto iluncedo inyanzela i-ke ebizwa njalo “Ixhala lokuxhalaba” ukuba uninzi lwabathengi babenalo, Ukwenza izithuthi zombane inyathelo elisebenzayo lokuhamba kwemihla ngemihla kunye neehambo ezinde.

Kanjalo, Imicimbi yokuCsalela ihlale yenye yezizathu ezithile abantu bathandabuza ngezithuthi zombane. Nangona kunjalo, Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokutshaja, Ixesha lokutshaja ngokuthe ngcembe lincitshiswa. Ezinye izikhululo zokuhlawula ngokukhawuleza sele zikwazi ukubiza ngokupheleleyo isithuthi sombane kwisithuba seyure, Ngelixa izikhululo zokuhlawula kancinci zinokuthatha iiyure ezininzi. Kukwakhona nezinye izisombululo zefowuni ezinobuchule kwintengiso, njengokhetho lokufaka iplagi umpu otshabhisayo kwisokethi yasekhaya yokutshaja, eyenza ngakumbi ukutshaja kwezithuthi zombane.

Ukuphuculwa kwesantya sokutshaja ikakhulu kubangelwa kukuhambela phambili kwitekhnoloji yetshaja. I-chargs ephezulu ye-chargs ngoku iyakwazi ukuhambisa isixa esikhulu sombane kwibhetri yemoto ngexesha elifutshane. Ezi chargers zisebenzisa amandla aphezulu e-elektroni ukulawula inkqubo yokutshaja, Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ibhetri ihlawulwe ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo. Njengokuba, Banokuhlengahlengisa i-voltage ye-chartage kwaye okwangoku ngokwemeko yebhetri, Ukuthintela ukufaka ngaphezulu kunye nokugxeka.

Ukongeza ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza, Ubukho beendlela eziguqukayo zokutshaja ngakumbi zikwaphucule isibheno sezithuthi zombane. Ukubhija ekhaya, ukuthi ngqo, sisisombululo esifanelekileyo sabanini. Ngokufaka nje inqwelo-mafutha kwi-Outleight esemgangathweni okanye itshaja ezazinikezeleyo, Abanini banokuthi baphinde baphinde babeke izithuthi zabo ngobusuku. Oku kulunge ngakumbi ukuhamba kwemihla ngemihla, apho imoto inokuhlawuliswa ngokupheleleyo ngelixa umniniyo ulele. Ngaphezu koko, Itekhnoloji yokutshaja e-Smart ivele, enokudibanisa negridi yombane yasekhaya. Ezi teknoloji zinokwandisa ixesha lokutshaja ngokusekwe kwiRhafu yoMbane wegridi, Ukugcina imali kwi-bills yabo yombane ngelixa kunciphiswa umthwalo kwigridi ngexesha le-Peak.

Xa kuthelekiswa nezithuthi ezixhotyisiweyo zemveli, Izithuthi zombane zinethegi yexabiso eliphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, Njengoko intengiso yombane yemoto yandiswa kwaye itekhnoloji iqhubela phambili, Amaxabiso ezithuthi zombane aphosa ngokuthe ngcembe. Amanye amazwe abonelela ngenkxaso-mali yokuthenga kunye nenkuthazo yerhafu yezithuthi zombane, Ukunciphisa ngakumbi ukuxabisa iindleko zokufumana. Nangona utyalomali lokuqala lungaphezulu, ekuqhubekeni, Izithuthi zombane zineendleko ezisezantsi kunye neendleko zamandla, Ukwenza into eyonga imali yexesha elide.

Iindleko zokuqala eziphezulu zezithuthi zombane zinokubangelwa zizixhobo ezininzi. Okokuqala, Ixabiso leebhetri, Yeyiphi eyona nto iphambili kwimoto yombane, ihlala iphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, Njengoko i-scales yemveliso yebhetri phezulu kunye neendlela ezintsha zokwenza imveliso ziphuhliswa, Ixabiso nge-kilowatt-iyure ye-kilowatt yomthamo webhetri incipha. Uqoqosho lwenqanaba lokudlala indima ebalulekileyo apha. Njengoko izithuthi zombane ziveliswa, Abavelisi bebhetri banokusasaza iindleko zabo ezisisigxina ngaphezulu kwenani elikhulu leeyunithi, ekhokelela kwiindleko zeyunithi esezantsi.

Okwesibini, Iindleko zophando kunye nophuhliso ezinxulumene netekhnoloji yombane yemoto ibaluleke kakhulu. I-Automafeds ityale imali enkulu ekuphuhliseni idriverain entsha yombane, iinkqubo zokulawulwa kwebhetri, kunye nesoftware yemoto. Ezi ndleko ziphezulu zifakwe kwixabiso lemoto. Nangona kunjalo, Njengoko itekhnoloji ikhulisa kwaye iba yingozi ngakumbi, Ezi ndleko ziya kuncitshiswa ngaphezulu kwenani lezithuthi, kukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwexabiso.

Inkuthazo kaRhulumente, ezinje ngenkxaso-mali kunye nekhefu lerhafu, zenzelwe ukukhawulezisa ukwamkelwa kwezithuthi zombane. Inkxaso-mali inokunciphisa ngokuthe ngqo ixabiso lokuthenga, Ukwenza izithuthi zombane zifikeleleke kubathengi. Inkuthazo yerhafu, kwelinye icala, Ingabandakanya ukukhululwa kwiirhafu zokuthenga kwezithuthi, Imirhumo yobhaliso, okanye irhafu yendlela. La manyathelo awaniki kuphela abathengi abaxhamlayo kodwa bakhuthaze ukukhula kwemakethi yemoto yombane, Ukukhokelela kukhuphiswano olungaphezulu phakathi kwabavelisi kunye nentengo yokunciphisa. Kwixesha elide, Iendleko eziphantsi zezolondolozo kunye neendleko zamandla kwizithuthi zombane zenza ukuba zikhethwe kakhulu. Ngamacandelo ambalwa ahambayo, Iindleko zesondlo zincitshisiwe kakhulu, kwaye iindleko zombane ngokubanzi ziphantsi kakhulu kune-petroli okanye ipetroli yedizili.

Izithuthi zombane zimele enye yezikhokelo ezibalulekileyo zenguqu kunye nokuphuculwa kweshishini le-Automotive, kwaye amathemba abo ophuhliso lwexesha elizayo ayathembisa kakhulu. Amazwe amaninzi anemigaqo-nkqubo ekhuthazayo ukukhuthaza ukuphuculwa kwezithuthi zombane, kubandakanya ukwandisa inkxaso yophando lombane kunye nophuhliso, Ukwakha i-shatter paythurs, nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlaziyiweyo. Ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, Uluhlu, Isantya sokutshaja, kunye nokusebenza kwezithuthi zombane ziya kuphuculwa ngakumbi, Ukwenza ukuba bahambelane neemfuno zabantu. Intengiso yokuthengisa i-Imooming yeSongoim yezithuthi zombane iya kuqhubeka ikhula kwaye ibe yeyona nto iphambili ekuhambeni kwexesha lokuhamba kwexesha elizayo.

I-Global ityhutyha i-Global Izithuthi ziqhutywa yindibano yokusingqongileyo, ezoqoqosho, kunye nezinto zetekhnoloji. Kwindawo yokusingqongileyo, Isidingo sokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ukuhlangabezana neethagethi zemozulu yamazwe aphesheya akunakuphikiswa. Izithuthi zombane zibonelela ngendlela ecacileyo yokufikelela kwicandelo lezothutho, Yeyiphi enye yezona zinto zinkulu ze-greenhouse yegesi. Oorhulumente bayazibophelela ekukhuthazeni ukuthathwa kwabo ngamanyathelo omgaqo-nkqubo.

Kwezoqoqosho, Ukukhula kwemveliso yemoto yombane kudala amathuba emisebenzi amatsha, Ukusuka kwimveliso yebhetri ukuya kwiNdibano yeZithuthi kunye noLondolozo. Ikwanciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwelizwe kwi-fuels yefosili ye-fulls, Ukuphucula ukhuseleko lwamandla. Ngokweetekhnoloji, Izinto eziphucukileyo kwizinto ezinje ngetekhnoloji yebhetri, I-driverains yombane, Ukunxibelelana kwezithuthi kwenziwa izithuthi zombane. Umzekelo, Njengoko iindleko zebhetri ziyaqhubeka nokuwa kunye nokunyuka kwamandla ukunyuka, Izithuthi zombane ziya kufikeleleka ngakumbi kwaye zibe neenqanaba elide. Uphuhliso lwemoto-kuyo yonke into (V2x) Itekhnoloji yoNxibelelwano iya kwenza ukuba indinyana engenamthungo yezithuthi zombane negridi ye-smart, ezinye izithuthi, kunye nezixhobo, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwazo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Zonke ezi zinto zidityanisiweyo zibonisa ukuba izithuthi zombane aziyi kugcina kuphela i-boom yazo yentengiso yentengiso kodwa iya kulawula imakethi yemoto yexesha elizayo.

Njengoko izithuthi zombane ziba yintloko, Eminye imiba ye-ofisi yenkqubo ye-omosystem iya kuvela. Imoto yemoto, njengokuba, Kuya kufuneka ukuba uziqhelanise neemfuno ezizodwa zolondolozo lwezithuthi zombane. Iitekhnoloji zeNkonzo ziya kufuna uqeqesho olukhethekileyo lokuphatha iinkqubo zebhetri, I-driverains yombane, kunye nesoftware yemoto. Umzi-mveliso weinshurensi uya kudinga ukuphinda uqalise kwakhona iimodeli zayo zamaxabiso, Njengoko iiprofayili zomngcipheko kwezithuthi zombane zahlukile kwezi zithuthi zemveli. Ukongeza, Ukuphuhliswa kwezithuthi zombane ziya kutshitshisa izinto ezintsha kumashishini ahambelana, njengokuphuhliswa kweetekhnoloji zokusetyenziswa kwebhetri ngakumbi kwaye uzinzile kwibhetri esebenzayo, Ukuqhubela phambili kuqoqosho lweSetyhula kwicandelo le-AutoMotive.