Chifukwa chiyani magalimoto amagetsi otsika mtengo?

Ndi kuzindikira komwe kukuteteza zachilengedwe, galimoto yamagetsie, monga njira yoyera – Kuyendera Magetsi, alandila chidwi ndi kukondera. Poyerekeza ndi mafuta achikhalidwe – magalimoto oyendetsedwa, Mitengo ya galimoto yamagetsiS ndi okwera kwambiri. Choncho, Chifukwa chiyani galimoto yamagetsichabwino?

Funso 1: Chifukwa chiyani ndalama zamagetsi zimatsika?

Mtengo wamagalimoto amagetsi ndi otsika kuposa omwe amawapangira mafuta – magalimoto oyendetsedwa makamaka chifukwa cha zotsatirazi:

1. Kuchepetsa kwazinthu zachikhalidwe

Magalimoto amagetsi safuna zinthu monga injini zamafuta, Mapulani a Kutumiza, ndi matiyeni – kusiya – magawo okhudzana, zomwe ndizofunikira pamafuta – magalimoto oyendetsedwa. Zigawo zamakonozi zomwe zimaphatikizapo ndalama zopangira kwambiri. Dongosolo lamagetsi lagalimoto yamagetsi makamaka makamaka yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi batri. Zotsatira zake, Kupanga kwa zigawo zake ndikosavuta komanso zochepa.

Injini yamafuta ndi gawo lovuta kwambiri. Zimaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwakukulu – zopangidwa mbali, monga mapistoni, masilinda, camshafts, ndi mavuvu. Njira zopangira zigawozi zimafunikira kwambiri – Kuwongolera Makina ndi Kuwongolera Kwambiri, zomwe zimachulukitsa mtengo. Mwachitsanzo, Kupanga kwa Wammwamba – Mutu wa magwiridwe antchito amatha kuphatikizira masitepe angapo, kuphatikizapo kuponyera, kuletsa, ndi kuperewera, Iliyonse yomwe imawonjezera mtengo wonse. Motsutsana, Motor yamagetsi pamagalimoto yamagetsi ili ndi kapangidwe kosavuta. Makamaka makamaka, ratator, ndi chopereka. Njira zopangira zamagetsi zimayenda bwino kwambiri, Ndi zigawo zochepa komanso zofunikira pamisonkhano yovuta.

Dongosolo la Kutumiza mu mafuta – galimoto yoyendetsedwa, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zigawo zokhala ngati gearbox, osiyanasiyana, ndi kuyendetsa, amapangidwa kuti asinthidwe mphamvu kuchokera ku injini kupita ku mawilo. Dongosolo ili siliri kovuta komanso limafunikira kukonza pafupipafupi komanso kusintha. Kukula ndi kupanga kwa mmwamba – Dongosolo lolowera lolowera limaphatikizapo zoyesayesa zazikulu zaukadaulo ndi mtengo. Mugalimoto yamagetsi, Kutumiza kwamphamvu ndikowongolera. Galimoto yamagetsi imatha kuyendetsa bwino mawilo, Kuthetsa kufunika kwa mitundu yovuta – Dongosolo Lopatsirana, motero amachepetsa mtengo wopanga.

2. Kutsika mu batire mtengo

Chimodzi mwazinthu zokhudzana ndi galimoto yamagetsi ndi batiri. Mzaka zaposachedwa, Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wa batri ndipo kuwonjezeka kwa batri kwadzetsa kuchepa kwa batri. Makamaka m'munda wa lithiamu – mabatire a ion, Ndi kusintha kosalekeza kwaukadaulo ndikuzindikira kwakukulu – kupanga, Mtengo wa batire wachepetsedwa.

Lithiamu – Maukadaulo a Ion asintha kwambiri pazaka zambiri. Yoyamba, Mtengo wa Lithiamu – mabatire a ion anali okwera chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe wopanga amapanga komanso kuchuluka kochepa. Komabe, Monga kuyesetsa kwachuma ndi chitukuko kwakulirakulira, Njira zatsopano zopangira zidatulukira. Mwachitsanzo, Kukula kwa electrode yabwino – Njira zopangira zidasintha mphamvu ya mabatire pomwe amachepetsa ndalama zopangira. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba ndi zida zopangira zathandizanso kuchepetsa mtengo.

Chachikulu – Kupanga kwa lithiamu – mabatire a ion adaseweranso mbali yofunika kutsika mtengo. Pomwe kufunikira kwa magalimoto magetsi kwachuluka, Opanga Batri akwanitsa kukwaniritsa zachuma. Popanga mabatire ambiri, mtengo wokhazikika wokhudzana ndi kafukufuku ndi chitukuko, Ntchito Yomanga Fakitale, ndi kugula kwa zida kumatha kufalikira pa zigawo zazikulu. Izi zadzetsa kuchepa kwakukulu mu mtengo wa mabatire. Mwachitsanzo, Ena mwa opanga akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi tsopano atha kutulutsa lithiamu – mabatire a ion pamtengo wotsika kwambiri pa kilowatt – ola poyerekeza ndi zaka zingapo zapitazo.

3. Mfundo za Boma

Kulimbikitsa kukwezedwa ndi kutchuka kwa magalimoto amagetsi, Mayiko ambiri ndi zigawo zapangitsa mfundo zowonjezera. Mitundu iyi yachepetsa kwambiri mtengo wogula magalimoto amagetsi, potero amalimbikitsa mpikisano wawo.

M'mayiko ena, Boma limapereka ndalama zachuma kwa ogula omwe amagula magalimoto amagetsi. Mwachitsanzo, Ku China, Boma lapereka ndalama zambiri zogulira magalimoto agalimoto m'zaka zingapo zapitazi. Othandizira awa akhoza kukhala oyambira masauzande angapo a makumi masauzande a yuan, Kutengera ndi batire lagalimoto ndi mitundu. Izi zapangitsa magalimoto pamagetsi kuti ndalama zambiri zikuluzikulu.

Kuphatikiza pa ogula – Mphatso Zothandiza, Maboma ena amaperekanso othandizira opanga magalimoto amagetsi. Ndalama izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pothandiza kafukufuku ndi chitukuko, Kuchulukitsa Kupanga, kapena kukonza zabwino. Mwachitsanzo, Ku European Union, Anthu ena amapereka ndalama zothandizira ndalama zamagetsi zamagetsi kuti awathandize kuchepetsa ndalama zopanga ndikuwongolera mpikisano wawo pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi.

Funso 2: Chifukwa chiyani ndalama zogwirira ntchito zamagetsi zimatsika?

Kupatula mtengo wotsika, Ndalama zogwirira ntchito zamagetsi zimatsikanso kuposa zomwe zimachitika – magalimoto oyendetsedwa.

1. Mtengo wotsika mtengo

Poyerekeza ndi mtengo wowonjezera mafuta – magalimoto oyendetsedwa, Mtengo wolipiritsa wamagalimoto ambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala ochulukirapo. Makamaka mukamagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yoyera kuti mulipire, Ndalama zogwirira ntchito zamagetsi ndizotsika komanso zopatsa thanzi.

Mtengo wamagetsi wolipiritsa galimoto yamagetsi nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsika kwambiri kuposa mtengo wa mafuta kapena dizilo. Mtengo wa mafuta ndi dizilo imasinthiratu pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi, omwe amatha kukhala osasunthika. Motsutsana, Mtengo wamagetsi umakhazikika. M'madera ambiri, Mtengo wolipiritsa galimoto yamagetsi ya 100 – Ulendo wa kilomesi ndi gawo chabe la mtengo wofananira – mafuta ophatikizika – galimoto yoyendetsedwa.

Kuonjeza, Ndi kuchuluka kwa kukula kwa magwero osinthika monga mphamvu ndi mphepo, Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zoyera pakulipiritsa magalimoto amagetsi afala kwambiri. Galimoto yamagetsi ikaperekedwa ndi dzuwa – magetsi opangidwa, Mwachitsanzo, Mtengo ukhoza kukhala wotsika kwambiri kapena zero nthawi zina pomwe mwini galimoto wakhazikitsa dzuwa – dongosolo lamphamvu panyumba. Izi sizimangochepetsa mtengo wogwirizira komanso zimathandiziranso kukhala ndi mwayi wamagetsi.

2. Kuchepetsedwa kukonza ndalama

Magalimoto amagetsi ali ndi zigawo zingapo ndipo sizovuta kuposa mafuta – magalimoto oyendetsedwa, chifukwa chotsika mtengo. Magalimoto amagetsi safuna ntchito zokonza pafupipafupi monga kusintha kwamafuta ndi kuwunika – Pulani malo. M'mala mwa, Amangofunika kufufuza kwa batri komanso ntchito yamagetsi yamagetsi.

Injini yamkati yoyaka mu mafuta – Galimoto yoyendetsedwa imafunikira kusintha kwamafuta pafupipafupi kuti mafuta oyendayenda ndikuletsa kuvala koopsa. Mtengo wa mafuta a injini, Zosefera Mafuta, ndipo ntchito ya zosintha zamafuta zimatha kuwonjezera pakapita nthawi. Kuonjeza, moto – Mapulations amafunika kusinthidwa nthawi zonse kuti awonetsetse bwino mafuta – kusakaniza kwa mpweya mu ma cylinders injini. Ntchito Zokonza izi si nthawi yokha – kuwononga komanso ndalama zochepa.

Mugalimoto yamagetsi, Motor yamagetsi imakhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta komanso magawo oyenda oyenda poyerekeza ndi injini yamkati yoyaka. Mota safuna mafuta, ndipo zigawo zake ndizomwe zimakonda kuvala ndi kung'amba. Batri ndi gawo lina lalikulu lomwe limafunikira chisamaliro. Komabe, Makina oyang'anira batri amalonda amatha kuwunika batire la batri, komanso kukonza makamaka kumaphatikizapo kufufuza kwakanthawi kuti muwonetsetse zovomerezeka ndikubwezera, M'malo molowerera ntchito.

3. Kuchepetsa magalimoto

Mizinda yambiri imapereka ufulu kapena m'munsi – Malo oyimitsa mitengo kuti alimbikitse kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto amagetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale magalimoto otsika pamagalimoto amagetsi.

M'madera ena akumatauni, Boma lakomweko lakhazikitsa mfundo kuti apereke malo osangalatsa a magalimoto amagetsi. Izi zingaphatikizepo kuyimitsa kwaulere m'malo ena oyimitsa magalimoto, Kuchepetsa magalimoto poimika magalimoto oyimitsa magalimoto, kapena magetsi odzipereka – galimoto – malo oyimikapo magalimoto okha. Mwachitsanzo, M'mizinda ina ku Europe, eni magalimoto amagetsi amatha kupaka ufulu – Malo oyimitsa msewu kwa nthawi inayake, zomwe zitha kusunga ndalama zambiri, Makamaka kwa iwo omwe amapopa pafupipafupi mumzinda.

Ndondomeko zokometsera izi sizimangochepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito zamagetsi komanso zimalimbikitsanso anthu ambiri kusankha magalimoto amagetsi, zomwe zimathandizira kukulitsa chitukuko cha mafakitale amagetsi ndikuthandizira kulinganiza zachilengedwe kutengera zachilengedwe.

Funso 3: Kodi magalimoto amagetsi angayankhe bwanji ndalama?

Njira zazikulu zopangira magalimoto pamagalimoto kuti muchepetse ndalama zambiri zimaphatikizapo gawo lotsatirali:

1. Kuchulukitsa kwa batire

Batri ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zagalimoto yamagetsi. Kuchulukitsa mphamvu ya batire kumatha kukulitsa njira yamagetsi yamagetsi, Chepetsani kuchuluka kwa batri, motero mtengo wotsika. Kupangananso ndi Kufufuza Kwambiri Mu Technology Technology ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse mtengo wamagalimoto yamagetsi.

Kuchulukitsa kwa batire kumatanthauza kuti batire imatha kusungira mphamvu zambiri kapena kulemera komweko. Izi zimalola opanga magalimoto agalimoto kuti agwiritse ntchito ma cell ochepa kuti akwaniritse zomwezo kapena zopitilira muyeso. Mwachitsanzo, Ngati mphamvu yamagetsi ya batri imachulukitsidwa, kuchuluka kwa ma cell a batri kumafunikira kuti athe kuyendetsa galimoto yamagetsi kwa a 500 – Mitundu ya kilomome ikhoza kuchepetsedwa kwambiri. Izi sizimangochepetsa mtengo wa batiri lokha komanso limathandizanso pazinthu zina zagalimoto, monga kuchepetsa kulemera kwa galimotoyo ndikuwongolera mphamvu yake.

Asayansi amasanthula mitundu ya bata nthawi zonse ndi zida zatsopano kuti azichulukitsa mphamvu. Cholimba – mabatire aboma, Mwachitsanzo, ndiukadaulo wolonjeza. Amagwiritsa ntchito ma electrolyte olimba m'malo mwa madzi kapena gel – ngati ma electrolyte mu chivindikiro chamoyo – mabatire a ion. Izi zitha kukulitsa mphamvu, Sinthani chitetezo cha batri, ndikuchepetsa nthawi. Komabe, malonda olimba – Mabatire a boma amakumana ndi zovuta monga mtengo wopangidwa ndi mitengo yayikulu komanso nkhani zofatsa. Kufufuza kosalekeza ndi chitukuko kumafunika kuthana ndi mavutowa ndikubweretsa zabwino – mphavu – ma batchesi a misika yambiri.

2. Chachikulu – Kupanga kwakanthawi ndikuwunika ukwati

Ndi kukula kwa msika wamagetsi, chachikulu – Kupanga kwakukulu kumatha kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira zigawo. Kuthamangitsa unyolo womwe ungakuthandizeni kuwongolera ndikuchepetsa mtengo wamagalimoto.

Monga kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pamagalimoto kumawonjezeka, Opanga amatha kugwiritsa ntchito chuma. Mwachitsanzo, Mukamapanga magetsi ambiri, mtengo pagalimoto pagalimoto amatha kuchepetsedwa pakugula kwambiri kwa zinthu zosaphika, Njira Zothandiza Kwambiri, ndi chimbudzi cha mtengo wokhazikika pamwamba pa zigawo zazikulu. Kuonjeza, chachikulu – Kupanga kwakukulu kumalola kuti ndalamazo zitheke kupanga zida zapamwamba kwambiri, zomwe zitha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yopanga bwino komanso yabwino.

Kukonzanso kwa unyinji ndikofunikira. Poyang'ana unyolo wopatsa, Opanga amatha kuchepetsa ndalama zambiri, kukonza nthawi zoperekera, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yonse yopanga. Izi zitha kuphatikiza mogwirizana ndi othandizira, kukwaniritsa – mu – Makina oyang'anira nthawi, ndikuyika ndalama muukadaulo wa digito kuti musinthe mawonekedwe. Mwachitsanzo, Opanga magalimoto ena amagwira ntchito ndi ogulitsa batri kuti awonetsetse zokhazikika – mabatire abwino pamtengo woyenera. Akhozanso kuyika ndalama – cheni – Mapulogalamu Oyang'anira kuti atsatire kusuntha kwa ogulitsa kupita ku malo opanga – nthawi.

3. Chithandizo cha mfundo ndi makampani othandiza

Kuthandizira boma komanso thandizo la makampani amatenga gawo lofunikira pakuchepetsa mtengo wamagalimoto. Boma lingathe kuchirikiza kukula kwa mafakitale agalimoto yamagetsi kudzera munthawi monga kumasulidwa kwa msonkho ndi kupereka ndalama zofufuzira ndi chitukuko, potero amalimbikitsa kuchepetsa mtengo wowonjezereka.

Kukhazikika kwa msonkho kumatha kuchepetsa mwachindunji mtengo wamagalimoto yamagetsi. Mwachitsanzo, Mayiko ena amasankha magalimoto am'magulu kuti asagule misonkho, zomwe zimatha kutsitsa mtengo wogula wa ogula. Izi sizimangokhala magalimoto owoneka bwino pamsika komanso imalimbikitsa anthu ambiri kusankha magalimoto amagetsi, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kukula kwa malonda agalimoto yamagetsi.

Boma likhozanso kupereka ndalama zofufuzira ndi chitukuko kuti zithandizire zatsopano zamagetsi zamagetsi. Ndalamazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza matekinoloje atsopano a batri, Sinthani kapangidwe kagalimoto, ndikupanga makina okwanira. Mwachitsanzo, Ku United States, Boma lapereka ndalama zothandizira kufufuza kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi batire yamagalimoto yamagetsi, zomwe sizingangochepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe komanso komwekonso kumachiritsa zida zofunikira ndikuchepetsa mtengo wa kupanga batri.

Udindo Wa Technoloner Kutsitsa Mtengo

Kupanga ukadaulo kuli pamtima pochepetsa mtengo wamagalimoto yamagetsi. Kuphatikiza pa ukadaulo wa batri, Zina mwazinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi zimasinthanso mwachangu. Mwachitsanzo, Kukula kwa magetsi othandiza kwambiri pamagetsi ndikofunikira. Mitundu yatsopano yamagetsi, monga axial – machesi a flux, akufufuzidwa. Kumitima – Matayala a flux ali ndi mphamvu yayikulu – ku – Kulemera kolemera poyerekeza ndi zikhalidwe zamakhalidwe – machesi a flux, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti angathe kupereka mphamvu zambiri polimba komanso opepuka. Izi zitha kubweretsa magwiridwe antchito abwinobwino agalimoto komanso mtengo wotsika wotsika.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba pomanga magalimoto kungathandizenso kuchepetsa mtengo. Zinthu zopepuka ngati kaboni – Zithunzi za fiber zimatha kuchepetsa kulemera konse kwagalimoto, Kuwongolera mphamvu yake. Ngakhale kaboni – Mafanizo azomera pano ali okwera mtengo, Monga ukadaulo wa misa – kupanga zinthuzi kumathandizanso, mtengo wawo ukuyembekezeka kukana. Izi sizimangochepetsa kumwa kwamphamvu kwa galimotoyo komanso kutsika mtengo mtengo wa batire kumafunikira kuti athe kuyendetsa galimoto.

Zotsatira za mpikisano wamsika pamtengo

Mpikisano wowonjezereka mu msika wamagetsi wamagetsi umayendetsa mtengo wotsika mtengo. Monga opanga ma okhaokha amalowa msika wamagetsi wamagalimoto, akupanikizika kuti apereke katundu wampikisano pamitengo yotsika. Izi zadzetsa mpikisano – ubwino. Ochitapoma amangoyang'ana njira zosinthira njira zopangira, Gwero limawononga ndalama zambiri – ali nawo, ndi kupanga mitundu yatsopano.

Mwachitsanzo, zatsopano – Opanga magalimoto opanga magalimoto amasokoneza makampani ogulitsa magetsi pomuthandiza mwachindunji – ku – mitundu yogulitsa. Izi zimathetsa kufunika kwa ma network ambiri, Kuchepetsa malonda ogulitsa komanso ogawa. Ndalama zamtengozi zitha kuperekedwa kwa ogula mu mawonekedwe a m'munsi – Magalimoto amtengo.

Nthawi yayitali – Mtengo wanthawi – Kusanthula Kwa Magalimoto Othandizira

Mukamaganizira zazitali – Mtengo wanthawi – gwiritsani ntchito magalimoto amagetsi, Ndikofunikira kuti muwerenge osati kugula ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito komanso zabwinobwino zachilengedwe komanso zopindulitsa. Magalimoto amagetsi amatulutsa zotuluka za zero, zomwe zingathandizire kukhala zabwino m'malo abwino m'matawuni. Izi zili ndi phindu laumoyo kwa anthu, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa matenda opumira ndi kuipitsa kwina – Mavuto okhudzana ndi zaumoyo. Ndalama zosungidwa malinga ndi kupewa kwaumoyo ndi chilengedwe kumatha kukhala kwakukulu pakuyenda kwakanthawi.

Poyamba, monga makampani ogulitsa magalimoto amakula, Itha kuyendetsa chitukuko cha mafakitale ofananira, monga mafakitale obwezeretsa batri. Kubwezeretsanso mabatire agalimoto yamagetsi kumatha kuchira zinthu zofunikira ngati lithiamu, cobala, ndi nickel, Kuchepetsa kudalira kwa zinthu zosaphika ndikuchepetsa mtengo wowononga batire.

Maganizo apadziko lonse lapansi pa mitengo yamagetsi yamagetsi

Njira yochepetsera mtengo wamagetsi yamagetsi ndi gawo lapadziko lonse lapansi, Koma madera osiyanasiyana ali pamitundu yosiyanasiyana. M'madera ngati China, Msika waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, thandizo lamphamvu la boma komanso lalikulu – Kupanga kwamagalimoto pamagalimoto kumapangitsa kuti kuchepetsedwa kwakukulu. Opanga ma okhale akumadzi akwanitsa kukwaniritsa zachuma msanga, ndi chitukuko cha batire yanyumba – Makampani opanga wathandizanso kutsika kwa batri.

Ku Europe, Cholinga chake sichokha pokhapokha muchepetsedwa mtengo komanso pamsonkhanowu. Opanga magetsi aku Europe akugulitsa kwambiri pofufuza komanso kukulitsa luso la magalimoto agalimoto pomwe amagwiranso ntchito – Matain Kuthamangitsa. Ndondomeko za European Union of Europe of Ruble Effections Cructions alimbikitsa kukula kwa mafakitale agalimoto, Zotsatira zake, Mtengo umatsika pang'onopang'ono.

Ku United States, Msika wamagetsi wamagetsi wakhala ukukula mosasunthika. Thandizo la boma mu mawonekedwe a misonkho ndi kafukufuku – ndi – Ndalama zachitukuko zakhala zikugwira ntchito yolimbikitsa mtengo. Komabe, Zovuta monga momwe ndalama zogwirizira zogawikiraniratu komanso kufunikira kwa njira inanso yaukadalibe.

Tsogolo la kuchepetsa mtengo wamagetsi

Kuyang'ana M'tsogolo, Mtengo wamagalimoto amafunikira kupitiliza kukana. Mitundu yatsopano yabizinesi imatha kutuluka, monga batri – Ntchito Zosintha. Batile – malo osinthira amatha kusintha batire yochepetsedwa ndi gawo limodzi, kuchepetsa nthawi zomwe zingagulitsidwe ndikuchepetsa mtengo wa batri. Mtunduwu ungalimbikitsenso kufilization kwa batri, zomwe zingachepetse mtengo wachuma.

Kukula kwa luntha ndi intaneti ya zinthu (Iot) M'makampani omasulira amathanso kuperekanso kuchepetsa mtengo. Ai – Makina ogwirira batri oyendetsedwa amatha kukonza zolipiritsa ndi zolipiritsa mabatire, Kukweza moyo wawo ndikuchepetsa kufunika kwa betri yobwezeretsanso. Iot – Magalimoto othandizidwa amatha kulumikizana ndi malo olipiritsa ndi magalimoto ena, Kuwongolera mphamvu yonse ya kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kaofesi ndikuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito.

Pomaliza, Magalimoto amagetsi akukhala otsika mtengo chifukwa chophatikizika kwaukadaulo, ika mtengo – Kuchepetsa Njira, Thandizo la mfundo, ndi mpikisano wamsika. Makampaniwo akupitiliza kusintha, Mtengo wamagalimoto amagetsi ayenera kutsika, kuwapangitsa kukhala njira yokongola kwambiri kwa ogula. Izi sizingoyendetsa zofalikira zofala zamagetsi komanso zimathandiziranso paulendo wokhazikika.